Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): The sign of a transitive verb is that you attach to it *** a pronoun other than its verbal noun, like "he did"
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The Shaykh : Then he mentioned the sign, saying:
"The sign of a transitive verb is that you attach to it *** a pronoun other than its verbal noun, like 'he did'"
This is the sign, and in addition to the sign I mentioned to you, it must be valid to derive from it a form?
The student: The passive participle.
The Shaykh : The passive participle, okay. The author says: We parse the verse: "The sign": a subject added to "verb," and "transitive": a description for "verb," and "that you attach": "that" is the nominalizer, and the verb that it made accusative, and "that" and what it entered upon are in the sense of a verbal noun, which is the predicate of the subject, and that is his saying "the sign." So the implied meaning of the speech is: The sign of the transitive verb is your attaching to it. Okay, "ha" (it) other: "ha" is the object of "attach," in the accusative case with a hidden fathah on its end, prevented from appearing by what?
The student: Imitation.
The Shaykh : Imitation. And his saying: "ha" other: "ha" is an added noun, and "other" is what it is added to, and "other" is an added noun, and "verbal noun" is what it is added to. And his saying: "by it": a preposition and its object, connected to "attach." "Like 'he did'": "like" is the predicate of a deleted subject, the implied meaning being: that is like "he did." "Did" is a transitive verb. The evidence? That you attach to it "ha" other than the verbal noun, so you say: "The good, so-and-so did it." The author (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The sign of a transitive verb is that the pronoun of the object attaches to it. For example: "Came," is it intransitive or transitive?
The student: Transitive.
Another student: Intransitive.
The Shaykh : "Zayd came"?
The student: Transitive.
Another student: Intransitive.
The Shaykh : Yes, intransitive and transitive, for this and that. So if you say "Zayd came" meaning "he arrived," it is intransitive. And if you read the saying of Allah the Exalted:[An-Nisa 4:90]
The student: Transitive.
The Shaykh : Transitive,[Ash-Shu'ara 26:206] transitive. So this is valid to be transitive and to be intransitive. Okay, another example of a transitive verb: "Heard," is it transitive?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : It is valid to attach to it "ha," the pronoun, so you say: "He heard it." This is the sign. And his saying: "ha" other than a verbal noun excludes the "ha" of the verbal noun, because it attaches to the verb even if it is intransitive, like: "Standing, I stood it," "Sitting, I sat it," "Speech," what?
The student: "I spoke it."
The Shaykh : "I spoke it," and so on. So the "ha" indicating the verbal noun does not indicate that the verb is transitive, because the intransitive verb is formed into a verbal noun just as the transitive verb is. So the pronoun of this verbal noun does not indicate that the verb is transitive. The second sign: It is not valid to form a passive participle from it except as transitive with a preposition. Pay attention! For example: "Ascended," form a passive participle from it? No, "ascended" is not valid unless you attach to it a preposition, like: "ascended by it," "ascended to it," and the like. Okay, "The man was killed," here? "Killed." So "killed" is transitive or intransitive?
The student: Transitive.
The Shaykh : "Killed"?
The student: Transitive.
The Shaykh : Transitive, because it is valid to form a passive participle from it without the need for a preposition. Okay.
"The sign of a transitive verb is that you attach to it *** a pronoun other than its verbal noun, like 'he did'"
This is the sign, and in addition to the sign I mentioned to you, it must be valid to derive from it a form?
The student: The passive participle.
The Shaykh : The passive participle, okay. The author says: We parse the verse: "The sign": a subject added to "verb," and "transitive": a description for "verb," and "that you attach": "that" is the nominalizer, and the verb that it made accusative, and "that" and what it entered upon are in the sense of a verbal noun, which is the predicate of the subject, and that is his saying "the sign." So the implied meaning of the speech is: The sign of the transitive verb is your attaching to it. Okay, "ha" (it) other: "ha" is the object of "attach," in the accusative case with a hidden fathah on its end, prevented from appearing by what?
The student: Imitation.
The Shaykh : Imitation. And his saying: "ha" other: "ha" is an added noun, and "other" is what it is added to, and "other" is an added noun, and "verbal noun" is what it is added to. And his saying: "by it": a preposition and its object, connected to "attach." "Like 'he did'": "like" is the predicate of a deleted subject, the implied meaning being: that is like "he did." "Did" is a transitive verb. The evidence? That you attach to it "ha" other than the verbal noun, so you say: "The good, so-and-so did it." The author (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The sign of a transitive verb is that the pronoun of the object attaches to it. For example: "Came," is it intransitive or transitive?
The student: Transitive.
Another student: Intransitive.
The Shaykh : "Zayd came"?
The student: Transitive.
Another student: Intransitive.
The Shaykh : Yes, intransitive and transitive, for this and that. So if you say "Zayd came" meaning "he arrived," it is intransitive. And if you read the saying of Allah the Exalted:
or those who come to you, their hearts strained
أو جاؤوكم حصرت صدورهمThe student: Transitive.
The Shaykh : Transitive,
And then there came to them that which they were promised?
ثم جاءهم ما كانوا يعملونThe student: Yes.
The Shaykh : It is valid to attach to it "ha," the pronoun, so you say: "He heard it." This is the sign. And his saying: "ha" other than a verbal noun excludes the "ha" of the verbal noun, because it attaches to the verb even if it is intransitive, like: "Standing, I stood it," "Sitting, I sat it," "Speech," what?
The student: "I spoke it."
The Shaykh : "I spoke it," and so on. So the "ha" indicating the verbal noun does not indicate that the verb is transitive, because the intransitive verb is formed into a verbal noun just as the transitive verb is. So the pronoun of this verbal noun does not indicate that the verb is transitive. The second sign: It is not valid to form a passive participle from it except as transitive with a preposition. Pay attention! For example: "Ascended," form a passive participle from it? No, "ascended" is not valid unless you attach to it a preposition, like: "ascended by it," "ascended to it," and the like. Okay, "The man was killed," here? "Killed." So "killed" is transitive or intransitive?
The student: Transitive.
The Shaykh : "Killed"?
The student: Transitive.
The Shaykh : Transitive, because it is valid to form a passive participle from it without the need for a preposition. Okay.