Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "Al-Israf is tanwin that came to clarify *** a meaning by which the noun becomes more established."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh :"Al-Israf is tanwin that came to clarify *** a meaning by which the noun becomes more established"
The tanwin that came to clarify the noun's establishment in its status as a noun, yes? This is al-Israf. So by his saying: "tanwin", he excluded what is not tanwin, and by his saying: "that came to clarify *** a meaning by which the noun becomes more established", he excluded the substitute tanwin (tanwin al-'awd), which is called al-Israf, because it is tanwin due to a circumstance, unlike the tanwin in Zayd, 'Umar, Bakr, and Khalid. But in that case... it is tanwin now, but this tanwin is to indicate that the noun is established in its status as a noun, or that it is a substitute for a deleted phrase, yes?
The student: A substitute for a deleted phrase.
The Shaykh : A substitute for a deleted phrase, likewise Jawar and Ghawash. Jawar and Ghawash have tanwin, but it is not tanwin to clarify the establishment of these two nouns in their status as nouns; rather, it is for what?
The student: The consideration.
The Shaykh : The substitute, yes. What is an example? Like the tanwin in 'Ali, Muhammad, Bakr, Khalid, Sama', Ardh, and the like... Then, the noun that does not decline (laysa min al-manshura) is subject to two rulings. The first is that it is never tanwin, not in the nominative, not in the accusative, and not in the genitive; it is never tanwin. The second is that it is declined with a fatha instead of a kasrah, unless it is made possessive or preceded by the definite article al. Did you understand the two matters? The first matter?
The student: That it is made possessive or preceded by the definite article al.
The Shaykh : And what are the rulings?
The student: It is not tanwin.
The Shaykh : It is not tanwin. Second?
The student: It is declined with a kasrah.
The Shaykh : That it is declined with a kasrah?
The student: It is declined with a fatha, unless it is preceded by the definite article al or made possessive.
The Shaykh : So it is not declined with a kasrah unless it is made possessive, yes?
The student: Or preceded by the definite article al.
The Shaykh : Or preceded by the definite article al. Ibn Malik said previously:
"And what does not decline is declined with a fatha *** unless it is made possessive or follows al"
What is the noun that does not decline? The scholars say: It is what contains two causes from the causes... or one cause that takes the place of two. These causes are gathered in the words of the poet:
Gather and weigh with a just scale, and make it feminine with a definite article *** Mount and add a guttural, for the description is now complete. " ... Gather, the second one?
The student: Weigh.
The Shaykh : Weigh. Third? 'Adil. Fourth? Feminize. Fifth?
The student: With a proper noun.
The Shaykh : With a proper noun, the proper noun. Sixth? Add, the addition of alif and nun.
The student: Combine.
The Shaykh : Combine with a compound combination, 'Adil from 'Adl (justice), so the description? The descriptive nature. The author began with feminization.
The tanwin that came to clarify the noun's establishment in its status as a noun, yes? This is al-Israf. So by his saying: "tanwin", he excluded what is not tanwin, and by his saying: "that came to clarify *** a meaning by which the noun becomes more established", he excluded the substitute tanwin (tanwin al-'awd), which is called al-Israf, because it is tanwin due to a circumstance, unlike the tanwin in Zayd, 'Umar, Bakr, and Khalid. But in that case... it is tanwin now, but this tanwin is to indicate that the noun is established in its status as a noun, or that it is a substitute for a deleted phrase, yes?
The student: A substitute for a deleted phrase.
The Shaykh : A substitute for a deleted phrase, likewise Jawar and Ghawash. Jawar and Ghawash have tanwin, but it is not tanwin to clarify the establishment of these two nouns in their status as nouns; rather, it is for what?
The student: The consideration.
The Shaykh : The substitute, yes. What is an example? Like the tanwin in 'Ali, Muhammad, Bakr, Khalid, Sama', Ardh, and the like... Then, the noun that does not decline (laysa min al-manshura) is subject to two rulings. The first is that it is never tanwin, not in the nominative, not in the accusative, and not in the genitive; it is never tanwin. The second is that it is declined with a fatha instead of a kasrah, unless it is made possessive or preceded by the definite article al. Did you understand the two matters? The first matter?
The student: That it is made possessive or preceded by the definite article al.
The Shaykh : And what are the rulings?
The student: It is not tanwin.
The Shaykh : It is not tanwin. Second?
The student: It is declined with a kasrah.
The Shaykh : That it is declined with a kasrah?
The student: It is declined with a fatha, unless it is preceded by the definite article al or made possessive.
The Shaykh : So it is not declined with a kasrah unless it is made possessive, yes?
The student: Or preceded by the definite article al.
The Shaykh : Or preceded by the definite article al. Ibn Malik said previously:
"And what does not decline is declined with a fatha *** unless it is made possessive or follows al"
What is the noun that does not decline? The scholars say: It is what contains two causes from the causes... or one cause that takes the place of two. These causes are gathered in the words of the poet:
Gather and weigh with a just scale, and make it feminine with a definite article *** Mount and add a guttural, for the description is now complete. " ... Gather, the second one?
The student: Weigh.
The Shaykh : Weigh. Third? 'Adil. Fourth? Feminize. Fifth?
The student: With a proper noun.
The Shaykh : With a proper noun, the proper noun. Sixth? Add, the addition of alif and nun.
The student: Combine.
The Shaykh : Combine with a compound combination, 'Adil from 'Adl (justice), so the description? The descriptive nature. The author began with feminization.