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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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What does one do if the mu'adhdhin calls the adhan while he is praying the obligatory prayer?

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Question:
He says: If I am praying and I hear the adhan, do I complete my prayer, repeat it, or stand until the adhan ends?

Answer:
The one who is praying continues in his prayer and does not respond to the mu'adhdhin. The one who is praying is occupied with the prayer. So, if the mu'adhdhin calls the adhan and you are in prayer, you complete the prayer and do not respond to the mu'adhdhin. Yes.

The presenter: But what if it is an obligatory prayer, for example, and the adhan is at the beginning of the time?

The Shaykh: That is a different matter. If it is an obligatory prayer, one does not pray it until he is certain that the time has entered. If he is sick at home, for example, or has a barrier preventing him from praying with the Muslims in the mosques, due to fear or illness, then he prays after the time has entered, even if it is after the adhan. This is because some mu'adhdhins may delay the adhan, and some of the time may be lost. So, once he is certain that the time has entered, it is permissible for him to pray his obligatory prayer, even if he has not heard the adhan. This applies to the sick person in a house far from the mu'adhdhins, or the one who is afraid, or the traveler who does not hear the adhan. Once the time is confirmed, he prays. However, it is a recommended practice (sunnah) for the traveler to call the adhan before the prayer. Once the time is confirmed, he calls the adhan, then calls the iqamah and prays. But the one who is in the town does not have the right to pray until the time has entered. And if the time has entered and he knows it, it is permissible for him to pray, even if he has not heard the adhan. Yes.
Source binbaz.org.sa

The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.

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