The ruling on one who misses the time of prayer due to forgetfulness without negligence
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Question:
Is the reward counted for the one who misses the Fajr prayer or the 'Asr prayer, or generally any of the five obligatory prayers, without his intention: is the reward counted for him as if he prayed it at its proper time if he did so without intent?
Answer:
Whoever misses the prayer without negligence on his part, it is hoped that he will receive the reward of one who prayed it at its proper time with the congregation. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:, because of the excuse. If he traveled or fell ill, Allah writes for him what he used to do while he was healthy.
And he said on the day of Tabuk:Sahih al-Bukhari 4423, and in the other wording: Sunan Ibn Majah 2765Sahih (Darussalam).
This indicates that the one who misses an obligatory duty while being excused by the Shari'ah will have the reward of one who was present, if his absence was due to an excuse. For example, if he stood up to pray when he heard the adhan, but a need for urination or defecation overtook him, and he went to relieve himself, and he was unable to catch the prayer, then his ruling is the ruling of one who caught it; because he is excused by a legal excuse. Likewise, the one whose habit is to pray the rawatib with the obligatory prayers, if his illness becomes severe and he is unable to do anything but perform the obligatory prayer, then he will be written what he used to do in a state of health regarding the performance of voluntary prayers.
Is the reward counted for the one who misses the Fajr prayer or the 'Asr prayer, or generally any of the five obligatory prayers, without his intention: is the reward counted for him as if he prayed it at its proper time if he did so without intent?
Answer:
Whoever misses the prayer without negligence on his part, it is hoped that he will receive the reward of one who prayed it at its proper time with the congregation. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
If the servant travels or falls ill, Allah writes for him what he used to do while he was healthy and resident
إذا سافر العبدُ أو مرض كتب الله له ما كان يعمل وهو صحيحٌ مقيمٌAnd he said on the day of Tabuk:
Narrated Anas bin Malik: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) returned from the Ghazwa of Tabuk, and when he approached Medina, he said, "There are some people in Medina who were with you all the time, you did not travel any portion of the journey nor crossed any valley, but they were with you they (i.e. the people) said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! Even though they were at Medina?" He said, "Yes, because they were stopped by a genuine excuse."
إنَّ في المدينة أقوامًا ما سرتم مسيرًا ولا قطعتُم واديًا إلا وهم معكم، حبسهم العذرthey shared with you in the reward
إلا شركوكم في الأجرThis indicates that the one who misses an obligatory duty while being excused by the Shari'ah will have the reward of one who was present, if his absence was due to an excuse. For example, if he stood up to pray when he heard the adhan, but a need for urination or defecation overtook him, and he went to relieve himself, and he was unable to catch the prayer, then his ruling is the ruling of one who caught it; because he is excused by a legal excuse. Likewise, the one whose habit is to pray the rawatib with the obligatory prayers, if his illness becomes severe and he is unable to do anything but perform the obligatory prayer, then he will be written what he used to do in a state of health regarding the performance of voluntary prayers.
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.