Explaining the Three Types of Hajj

Our Sudanese brother from Kassa, Babakir Saleh al-Sharishabi, asks and says: I know that Hajj has three categories: Qiran, Tamattu', and Ifrad. I would like you to tell us about each of them. May Allah reward you with good.
Answer: Yes, it is as you mentioned. The types of Hajj are three: Ifrad Hajj, Ifrad 'Umrah, and Qiran between them. The scholars have agreed on the permissibility of all three types, and praise be to Allah. They differed only on which is best. The authentic hadiths from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) indicate that the best is Tamattu' with 'Umrah. This is when the one traveling from his city to Mecca enters the state of ihram for 'Umrah first. If he is in the months of Hajj, he enters ihram for 'Umrah intending Tamattu' with it until Hajj. He then responds to the call (talbiyah) by saying: "O Allah, here I am for 'Umrah," or "O Allah, I have made 'Umrah obligatory upon myself," or similar phrases. This is after he prepares for it, after he takes a bath and applies perfume. This is the best: he takes a bath and applies perfume in his house, or at the airport, or in a house near the airport, or on the way. He takes a bath, cleans himself, and does whatever he needs to do from trimming the beard, clipping the nails, plucking the armpit hair, or shaving the pubic hair if cleanliness requires it. He applies perfume to his body, his beard, his head, and his skin, not to his clothes, but to his body. Then he wears the clothes of ihram, an izar and a rida, if he is a man. The woman wears whatever clothes she wishes, but they should be unattractive and not draw attention, so that she does not cause temptation due to the mixing in the tawaf, circumambulation, and other places. Then, after all this, the believer, male or female, boards the car and responds to the call while riding in the car. This is because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to respond to the call when his camel started moving. When he was mounted on his camel, he would respond to the call while riding. (Peace and blessings be upon him). This is the best. If he enters ihram while on the ground before boarding, there is no harm, but the best is that he prepares while on the ground with what Allah has prescribed: the bath, perfume, and cleanliness. Then he wears the clothes of ihram, then boards, and then responds to the call after boarding by saying: "O Allah, here I am for 'Umrah," if he is doing Tamattu' with 'Umrah until Hajj, or if his intention is 'Umrah at a time other than the times of Hajj, such as Ramadan or others.
So when he arrives in Mecca, and he is doing Tamattu' with 'Umrah until Hajj after Ramadan, he performs tawaf and sa'y, shortens his hair, and exits the state of ihram. When he performs tawaf around the House seven times, then he performs sa'y between al-Safa and al-Marwah seven times, starting with al-Safa and ending with al-Marwah. ... He started with al-Safa and ended with al-Marwah.
As for tawaf, it starts with the Black Stone and ends with it. With the Black Stone, one starts and ends with it. Seven circuits from behind the Hijr, not entering the Hijr, not entering the gap in the Hijr, no. Rather, one performs tawaf from behind the Hijr. Some pilgrims may make a mistake in this. It is obligatory to perform tawaf from behind the Hijr, seven circuits from the stone to the stone. Then he prays two rak'ahs, the two rak'ahs of tawaf, behind the Maqam Ibrahim or in any place in the Haram. Then after that, he goes to perform sa'y, and he performs sa'y seven times, starting with al-Safa and ending with al-Marwah. He walks as usual, except in the bottom of the valley, where he hurries between the two markers placed there. He says takbir on al-Safa and al-Marwah, he says Allahu Akbar, and he remembers Him and supplicates to Him three times. Just as he remembers Allah and supplicates to Him in tawaf with what Allah has made easy for him. If he recites the Qur'an, there is no harm. There is nothing forbidden; whatever is easy for him, he remembers Allah in his tawaf, supplicates in his tawaf, and recites the Qur'an. All of this is good, and praise be to Allah.
And so in sa'y, he supplicates to Allah with what is easy for him, remembers Allah with what is easy for him, and recites the Qur'an if he wishes. On al-Safa, he repeats the dhikr and supplication three times, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did. And so on al-Marwah. So the start is with al-Safa and the end is with al-Marwah. Then he shaves his head if he is a man, or shortens his hair, and the 'Umrah is completed. The woman only shortens her hair; she does not shave, she does not shave her head. But she shortens a little from the ends of her hair. If the hair is curled, a little from every curl. If it is not curled but straight, she gathers her hair and cuts a little from the ends, and the man does the same. And with this, the 'Umrah is completed. And it becomes permissible for the man and the woman everything that was forbidden to them in the state of ihram. It becomes permissible for him to have intercourse with his wife, it becomes permissible for him to wear sewn clothes, it becomes permissible for him to use perfume, like all other lawful things, like all other people who are not in the state of ihram.
So when the eighth day of Dhu al-Hijjah comes, the man and the woman respond to the call for Hajj. This is the best, and this is what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered his Companions to do in the Farewell Pilgrimage when they arrived. Some of them had entered ihram for Ifrad Hajj, and some had entered ihram for both Hajj and 'Umrah as Qiran. He said to them: So they performed tawaf and sa'y, shortened their hair, and exited the state of ihram. When the eighth day came, he ordered them to respond to the call for Hajj when they set out for Mina. As for him (peace and blessings be upon him), he had entered ihram for both Hajj and 'Umrah as Qiran because he had sacrificial animals with him. He had brought camels from Medina as sacrificial animals to be slaughtered in Mecca. And the one who brings sacrificial animals does not exit the state of ihram. So for this reason, he entered ihram for both Hajj and 'Umrah. So whoever is like the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who enters ihram for both Hajj and 'Umrah, if he is bringing camels, cows, or sheep as sacrificial animals, he responds to the call for both Hajj and 'Umrah. This is the best. And he does not exit the state of ihram until the Day of Sacrifice.
The second type of worship: entering ihram for both Hajj and 'Umrah. He says: "O Allah, here I am for 'Umrah and Hajj." At the miqat, the miqat of his city. This is the second type of worship, and the best is to leave it. It is that he says: "O Allah, here I am for 'Umrah and Hajj," or he says: "O Allah, here I am for 'Umrah," and then during the journey he responds to the call for Hajj and includes it with the 'Umrah, so he becomes a Qarin between Hajj and 'Umrah. If he has sacrificial animals with him, this is the best for him. And he remains in his state of ihram until the Day of 'Eid, just as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did. If he does not have sacrificial animals with him, it is prescribed for him to exit the state of ihram, just as the Companions did by the order of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He performs tawaf and sa'y, shortens his hair, and makes it an 'Umrah. If he had responded to the call for both Hajj and 'Umrah at the miqat, then the Sunnah for him is to perform tawaf and sa'y, shorten his hair, and exit the state of ihram, making his ihram an 'Umrah. This is called Faskh. It is said: He broke his ihram from Qiran to 'Umrah, just as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered his Companions to do.
Likewise, the one who enters the state of ihram for Hajj from the miqat as an individual performs the third type of ritual. He says: “O Allah, here I am responding to Your call for Hajj,” or “O Allah, I have made Hajj obligatory upon myself,” meaning: at the miqat. If he has a sacrificial animal with him, he remains in his state of ihram and does not exit it until he exits on the Day of Sacrifice. If he does not have a sacrificial animal with him—no camels, cattle, or sheep—he breaks his Hajj by performing 'Umrah, just as the one who combined them did previously. He performs tawaf, sa'y, shortens his hair, and exits the state of ihram, making it an 'Umrah, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded his individual companions to do. When the eighth day arrives, he responds to the call for Hajj, saying: “O Allah, here I am responding to Your call for Hajj.” This means: he takes a bath and applies perfume, just as he did at the miqat. If it is feasible, he takes a bath, applies perfume, and cleans himself if he needs to, such as trimming his beard and the like. Then he responds to the call for Hajj while in his residence, in his tent... in al-Abtah... inside Makkah, in any place. He does what is prescribed of the legal etiquettes when entering the state of ihram... the bath, the perfume, and the like. Then he responds to the call in his place; there is no need to enter Makkah until he performs tawaf. There is no farewell when going out to Mina; there is no farewell. He enters the state of ihram from his residence, whether he is in al-Abtah or in... or in any place in Makkah or its outskirts. He enters the state of ihram from his place in the tents or in the houses; this is the Sunnah. If he enters Makkah and performs tawaf, there is no blame on him, but it is contrary to the Sunnah. The Sunnah is that he enters the state of ihram from his place and proceeds to Mina while responding to the call. The best is, if he has a mount, that he does not respond to the call until he mounts, as mentioned previously regarding the miqat; this is the best. If he is walking on foot to Mina, he responds to the call when he sets out walking, saying: “O Allah, here I am responding to Your call for Hajj.” Then he increases the talbiyah on the way. The one who entered the state of ihram from the miqat responds to the call, and the one who entered the state of ihram from his residence for Hajj responds to the call; they all respond to the call. From the miqat to Makkah, and from his residence when he goes out to Mina, he likewise responds to the call: “Here I am, O Allah, here I am. Here I am, You have no partner, here I am. Indeed, praise and blessing are Yours, and dominion. You have no partner.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to respond to the call with this talbiyah on his way from al-Madinah until he reached Makkah, increasing it and raising his voice (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: “Jibril commanded me to command my companions to raise their voices with the ihlal,” meaning: with the talbiyah. So he used to respond to the call and raise his voice, and he commanded his companions to do so (peace and blessings be upon him); because this is the banner of Hajj, a great banner. So the Sunnah is to raise the voices with it... raising them in a way that does not harm anyone. This is the Sunnah. And these are the three types of rituals and their actions. Yes...
The presenter: May Allah reward you with good.