Exegesis of the saying of Allah the Exalted: (And complete the Hajj and the 'Umrah for Allah)

The first message received by the program was from the listener: Uthman Musa Ahmad from Djibouti. He says in his message: In his first question: I hope you will give us a clear exegesis of the saying of the Truth, Blessed and Exalted is He: [al-Baqarah:196] Please inform us, may Allah reward you?
Answer: In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy. Praise be to Allah, and may Allah send prayers and peace upon the Messenger of Allah, and upon his family and his Companions, and upon whoever follows his guidance.
As for what follows: This noble verse is a great foundation in Hajj and 'Umrah. Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) says: : [al-Baqarah:196] the verse. The scholars used it as evidence that it is obligatory for one who enters into Hajj and 'Umrah to complete them, and that he has no right to exit from them, but rather it is obligatory upon him to complete them. So if he enters the state of ihram for Hajj, it is obligatory upon him to complete the Hajj, and if he enters the state of ihram for 'Umrah, it is obligatory upon him to complete it. He has no right to exit from it except by the Sharia method, which is performing the rites that Allah prescribed in Hajj and 'Umrah. So if he responds to the call for Hajj, he does not exit from it until he stands at 'Arafah and until he stons the pillars on the day of 'Id, then he shaves or shortens his hair and performs the first release from ihram. Then, after the tawaf and sa'y, his complete release is achieved. This is what Allah, the Exalted, prescribed. So the pilgrim, when he enters the state of ihram for Hajj, remains in the state of ihram; he does not use perfume, does not cut his nails, does not take from his hair, does not approach his wife, and does not hunt, among other things that Allah has forbidden in the state of ihram.
So when he stands at 'Arafah on the ninth day, he spends the night at Muzdalifah on the night of the tenth, then in the morning he stons the pillars, the Jamrat al-Aqabah with seven pebbles, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stoned it. Then after that, it is prescribed for him to slaughter a sacrificial animal if he has a sacrificial animal to slaughter. If he does not have a slaughter or if it is not facilitated for him to shave or shorten and release from ihram, he shaves his head or shortens the ends of his hair with scissors and releases from ihram. This is called: the first release from ihram. Then, after he performs tawaf and sa'y on the day of 'Id or after it, his release from his Hajj is complete, the full release. With the first release from ihram, it becomes permissible for him to use perfume and wear sewn clothing and the like, except for women. And when he performs tawaf and sa'y after shaving and stoning, he is fully released from his Hajj; it becomes permissible for him to use perfume, have relations with women, and all the prohibitions of ihram. And with this, his Hajj is complete, and he must complete what remains of stoning the pillars on the days of Tashriq. And with that, he must spend the night in Mina if he is not excused from that by illness or the like. And with that, he must perform the Farewell Tawaf when his Hajj is complete and when he intends to travel.
And so it is with 'Umrah; if he enters the state of ihram for it, he has no right to release from it until he performs tawaf and sa'y and shortens or shaves. So when he performs tawaf around the Ancient House seven times, and prays two rak'ahs behind the Maqam, and performs sa'y between al-Safa and al-Marwah seven times, then shaves or shortens, his 'Umrah is complete. And this is the meaning of His saying, the Exalted: [al-Baqarah:196]. Then He said, the Exalted: [al-Baqarah:196]. If he is prevented, it is permissible for him at that time to release from ihram; because he is excused. It is permissible for him to release from ihram before performing tawaf and sa'y, just as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was prevented on the day of Hudaybiyyah and the disbelievers of Makkah prevented him from entering Makkah, so he slaughtered his sacrificial animal, shaved his head, and released from ihram, and he ordered his Companions to do so.
And in this meaning, Allah, Glorified and Exalted, says: [al-Baqarah:196]. Meaning: So slaughter what is easy of the sacrificial animals, and it is one sheep for the man and the woman, and a camel for seven, and a cow for seven... Thus the one who is prevented does this if he is prevented from Makkah, prevented from entering it by an enemy or other than that which prevents entry into Makkah, or an illness prevents him until he is unable, on the stronger opinion, to enter and perform the rites, he releases from ihram by slaughtering a sacrificial animal: a sheep, or a cow, or a camel. But the sheep is for one person only, while the camel and the cow are for one person and for seven. If one person slaughters it, there is no harm; if two slaughter it, there is no harm; if three slaughter it, there is no harm; if seven slaughter it, there is no harm. Meaning: the camel and the cow suffice for one, and for two, and for three, and for four, and for five, and for six, and for seven.
As for the single sheep, whether from sheep or goats, it does not suffice except for one person, either a man or a woman only in Hajj. Then he said: [al-Baqarah:196]. Its meaning: that the one who is prevented does not shave until he slaughters. This is for the one who is prevented; if he is prevented, he slaughters first, then shaves, and he does not start with shaving, but rather starts with slaughtering. For this reason, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered his Companions to slaughter then shave.
As for in Hajj, he has the right to start with shaving, there is no harm, it is permissible, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) clarified, for he said: But the best in Hajj is that he slaughters first, then shaves; this is the best. But if he shaves before he slaughters, or shaves before he stons, that suffices. As for the one who is prevented, no, the one who is prevented must start with slaughtering then shaving, due to the noble verse.
As for His saying, the Exalted: [al-Baqarah:196], this concerns the one who is afflicted with an illness that requires him to shave his head, or to wear sewn garments, or to use perfume. Such a person has a dispensation to shave his head, as Ka'b ibn Ujr did in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). His head caused him distress, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) granted him a dispensation to shave his head and fast for three days, or slaughter a sheep, or give in charity three sa' (a dry measure of about 3 kg) for six poor people, with each poor person receiving half a sa'. This is the interpretation of the noble verse: [al-Baqarah:196], which is three days; [al-Baqarah:196], which is feeding six poor people; and [al-Baqarah:196], which is slaughtering a sheep. This applies to the one who needs to wear sewn garments or other prohibited items. He wears sewn garments when necessary due to illness, or uses perfume when necessary due to illness, or shaves his head when necessary due to illness. He must do one of these three things: either slaughter a sheep, or give in charity... feeding six poor people, with each poor person receiving half a sa' of dates or the like, such as rice or wheat or other staple foods of the country, or fast for three days. These are the three things that the Lord intended in His saying, the Exalted: [al-Baqarah:196], which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) interpreted in the hadith of Ka'b ibn Ujr.
Then he explained the ruling for the one performing tamattu' (combining 'Umrah and Hajj with a break between them). The one who performs tamattu' with 'Umrah to Hajj must offer a sacrificial animal. If he performs tamattu' with 'Umrah to Hajj, meaning he enters the state of ihram (the consecrated state of pilgrimage) for 'Umrah in the months of Hajj, in Shawwal or Dhu al-Qa'dah or Dhu al-Hijjah, and then performs Hajj in that same year, he is called a mutamatti' (one performing tamattu'). He must offer a sacrificial animal to be slaughtered during the days of the festival for his tamattu'. It is a sheep, or one-seventh of a camel, or one-seventh of a cow. If he cannot afford it, he fasts for ten days: three days during Hajj, meaning in Makkah during the days of Hajj before 'Arafah. If that is not feasible, he fasts them during the days of Tashriq, which is the correct opinion, the three days after the festival... and seven days when he returns to his family. If he cannot do that due to illness or otherwise, he fasts all ten days at his home, and he owes nothing, in place of the sacrificial animal. And success is from Allah.
The presenter: May Allah reward you.