Swearing by other than Allah: Is it considered shirk?
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The first question of Fatwa No. ( 1332 ):
Q1: What is the ruling on swearing by other than Allah; is it shirk or not?
Volume 1: Swearing by other than Allah, whether by a king, a prophet, a close friend of Allah, or any of the created things, is forbidden; for it is established from Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) , and in another narration from him, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Sahih Muslim 1646f , and Quraysh used to swear by their fathers, so he said: Both were narrated by Muslim and others. Thus, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prohibited swearing by other than Allah, and the basis of the prohibition is that it is forbidden. In fact, it is established from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that he called it: shirk (associating partners with Allah). 'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Musnad Ahmad 329Sahih (Darussalam) , narrated by Ahmad with a sound chain, and narrated by al-Tirmidhi who graded it as good, and al-Hakim authenticated it, from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Riyad as-Salihin 1711 , and the scholars have interpreted this as minor shirk, and they said: it is disbelief less than the major disbelief that expels one from the religion, and may Allah protect us from it. It is among the greatest of major sins. For this reason, Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: (It is more beloved to me to swear by Allah falsely than to swear by other than Him truthfully). And this is supported by what was narrated by Abu Hurayrah , from
the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said:Sahih al-Bukhari 6107 . It was narrated by Muslim and others. Thus, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered any Muslim who swears by al-Lat and al-'Uzza to say afterwards: "There is no god but Allah," because swearing by other than Allah contradicts the perfection of the obligatory tawhid (the oneness of Allah); this is due to the fact that it involves exalting other than Allah with what is exclusive to Allah, which is swearing by it. What is mentioned in some hadiths regarding swearing by fathers was before the prohibition of that, following what was customary among the Arabs in the pre-Islamic age of ignorance. And success is from Allah. May Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his Companions.
Q1: What is the ruling on swearing by other than Allah; is it shirk or not?
Volume 1: Swearing by other than Allah, whether by a king, a prophet, a close friend of Allah, or any of the created things, is forbidden; for it is established from Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)
He caught up with 'Umar ibn al-Khattab in a group, and 'Umar was swearing by his father, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called out to them: "Beware! Allah, Mighty and Majestic, forbids you from swearing by your fathers. So whoever is swearing, let him swear by Allah or remain silent."
أنه أدرك عمر بن الخطاب في ركب وعمر يحلف بأبيه فناداهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: ألا إن الله عز وجل ينهاكم أن تحلفوا بآبائكم، فمن كان حالفًا فليحلف بالله أو ليصمتHe who has to take an oath, he must not take oath but by Allah.
من كان حالفًا فلا يحلف إلاَّ باللهDo not swear by your fathers
لا تحلفوا بآبائكمwhoever swears by anything other than Allah has committed an act of shirk.
من حلف بشيء دون الله فقد أشركHe who swears by anyone or anything other than Allah, has indeed committed an act of Kufr or Shirk
من حلف بغير الله فقد كفر أو أشركthe Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said:
Whoever amongst you swears, (saying by error) in his oath 'By Al-Lat and Al- Uzza', then he should say, 'None has the right to be worshipped but Allah.' And whoever says to his companions, 'Come let me gamble' with you, then he must give something in charity
من حلف منكم فقال في حلفه: باللات والعزى فليقل: لا إله إلاَّ الله، ومن قال لأخيه: تعال أقامرك فليتصدق
Source
www.alifta.gov.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.