Ruling on the Friday prayer for one who is far from the mosque and does not hear the call to prayer
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It was reported from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that the Friday prayer is obligatory upon whoever hears the call to prayer,And Imam Ahmad says: The Friday prayer is obligatory upon whoever is a farsakh from the mosque or less. So what is a farsakh? And is the Friday prayer not obligatory upon one who is more than a farsakh from the mosque or does not hear the call to prayer?
Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: [Al-Jumu'ah: 9] , and the Friday prayer is not established except in one place in the town. This was the practice of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman, and 'Ali, and the Friday prayers were not multiplied in one town until the third century, meaning: two hundred years passed for the Muslim community while they were praying in one place.
If a person is in the town where the Friday prayer is established, the Friday prayer is obligatory upon him, even if there are farsakhs between him and it, as long as he is in the town, and whether he hears the call to prayer or not; because this mosque is for all the people of the town.
As for if he is outside the town -Meaning: in the outskirts of the town -This is what Imam Ahmad said: there is not more than a farsakh between him and the mosque.
And the farsakh: Three miles.
And the reason I told you: It has been two hundred years since this Muslim community existed and the Friday prayers were not multiplied in the mosques, and this is so that you may be aware of what people are doing today, where they are multiplying the Friday prayers, until in some countries it has become like an ordinary prayer; like the midday prayer established in every mosque. This is not in our country, praise be to Allah; but in other countries, and this is an error. For among the wisdom of the Shari'ah is that it makes a day in the week for those who embrace the Shari'ah in which they gather, and they issue from one imam, and from one opinion. If the Friday prayers are multiplied, this wisdom is lost.
Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says:
O you who have believed, when [the adhan] is called for the prayer on the day of Jumu'ah [Friday], then proceed to the remembrance of Allah
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِي لِلصَّلاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِIf a person is in the town where the Friday prayer is established, the Friday prayer is obligatory upon him, even if there are farsakhs between him and it, as long as he is in the town, and whether he hears the call to prayer or not; because this mosque is for all the people of the town.
As for if he is outside the town -Meaning: in the outskirts of the town -This is what Imam Ahmad said: there is not more than a farsakh between him and the mosque.
And the farsakh: Three miles.
And the reason I told you: It has been two hundred years since this Muslim community existed and the Friday prayers were not multiplied in the mosques, and this is so that you may be aware of what people are doing today, where they are multiplying the Friday prayers, until in some countries it has become like an ordinary prayer; like the midday prayer established in every mosque. This is not in our country, praise be to Allah; but in other countries, and this is an error. For among the wisdom of the Shari'ah is that it makes a day in the week for those who embrace the Shari'ah in which they gather, and they issue from one imam, and from one opinion. If the Friday prayers are multiplied, this wisdom is lost.