Is it permissible for a woman to leave her house without her husband's permission? Then, is it permissible for her to leave without a hijab, even if it is to her father's house? And also, is
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The questioner : Is it permissible for a woman to leave her house without her husband's permission? Then, is it permissible for her to leave without a hijab, even if it is to her father's house? And also, is it permissible for her sister's husband to look at her while she is without a hijab? One day we came across these things and prevented her from going to her father's house or her sister's home. Then she said to us: "These are among the close relatives (al-urham)." So please inform us, may Allah reward you, who are the close relatives (al-urham)? And who are those it is not permissible to visit? We ask for clarification in this matter, may you be rewarded.
The Shaykh : The answer: As for a woman leaving her husband's house, it is not permissible except with his permission, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sahih Ibn Hibban 16:144 If the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prevented her from fasting, which is an act of obedience and nearness to Allah, then preventing her from leaving her home without his permission is even more so. Permission may be verbal, where the man gives his wife verbal permission and says, "If you wish, you may visit your relatives," in which case there is no harm. It may also be customary, where custom indicates permission, such as if it is the custom of these people for a woman to go out to run errands, like buying bread or the like. This is customary permission.
As for a woman going out without a hijab, this is also forbidden. It is obligatory for a woman, when she goes out to the market, to go out without perfume, without displaying her adornment, and without uncovering her face, because that is among the great trials. It is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he prevented a woman from attending the mosque if she was wearing perfume, and he said (peace and blessings be upon him):Sahih Muslim 444.
A woman uncovering her face in the markets is among the greatest trials and among the greatest calamities that have befallen the communities of some Muslims. This great trial did not stop at just uncovering the face; rather, women began to expose their heads, necks, throats, and arms, and they do not care about it, until the tear became too large for the mender, and controlling women became difficult or extremely difficult. As for a woman uncovering herself to her sister's husband or to other foreign men who are not mahrams, it is forbidden, and there is no mahram relationship between her and her sister's husband. Unlike the wife's mother, who is a mahram to her daughter's husband, so it is permissible for her to uncover herself to him. The mahrams are all those to whom a woman is permanently forbidden by kinship, breastfeeding, or in-law relationships. As for those forbidden by kinship, they are seven, mentioned by Allah the Exalted in His saying:[An-Nisa 4:23]. As for those forbidden by breastfeeding, Allah the Exalted said: [An-Nisa 4:23]. And it is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said: Sunan Ibn Majah 1937Sahih (Darussalam). So the mother, daughter, sister, paternal aunt, maternal aunt, sister's daughter, and brother's daughter through breastfeeding are all mahrams, because they are forbidden by lineage. And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Sunan Ibn Majah 1937Sahih (Darussalam).
As for those forbidden by in-law relationships, they are four: the wives of fathers, however high up the lineage, the wives of sons, however low down the lineage, the mother of the wife, however high up the lineage, and her daughter, however low down the lineage. Allah the Exalted said:[An-Nisa 4:22]. And He said, in the list of those forbidden: [An-Nisa 4:23]. These four are forbidden by in-law relationship and are forbidden by the mere contract, except for the daughters of the wife, however low down the lineage, who are not forbidden unless one has intercourse with their mothers, due to the saying of Allah the Exalted: [An-Nisa 4:23]. So these are seven from lineage, seven from breastfeeding, and four from in-law relationships, all of whom are mahrams because they are forbidden permanently by lineage, breastfeeding, and in-law relationships.
The questioner : May Allah reward you, esteemed Shaykh, and may He magnify your reward.
The Shaykh : The answer: As for a woman leaving her husband's house, it is not permissible except with his permission, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
It is not permissible for a woman to fast while her husband is present except with his permission.
لا يحل لامرأة أن تصوم وزوجها شاهد إلا بإذنهAs for a woman going out without a hijab, this is also forbidden. It is obligatory for a woman, when she goes out to the market, to go out without perfume, without displaying her adornment, and without uncovering her face, because that is among the great trials. It is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he prevented a woman from attending the mosque if she was wearing perfume, and he said (peace and blessings be upon him):
Whoever (woman) fumigates herself with perfume should not join us in the 'Isha'
أيما امرأة أصابت بخوراً فلا تشهد معنا العشاءA woman uncovering her face in the markets is among the greatest trials and among the greatest calamities that have befallen the communities of some Muslims. This great trial did not stop at just uncovering the face; rather, women began to expose their heads, necks, throats, and arms, and they do not care about it, until the tear became too large for the mender, and controlling women became difficult or extremely difficult. As for a woman uncovering herself to her sister's husband or to other foreign men who are not mahrams, it is forbidden, and there is no mahram relationship between her and her sister's husband. Unlike the wife's mother, who is a mahram to her daughter's husband, so it is permissible for her to uncover herself to him. The mahrams are all those to whom a woman is permanently forbidden by kinship, breastfeeding, or in-law relationships. As for those forbidden by kinship, they are seven, mentioned by Allah the Exalted in His saying:
Prohibited to you [for marriage] are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your father's sisters, your mother's sisters, your brother's daughters, your sister's daughters
حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الأُخْتِyour [milk] mothers who nursed you, your sisters through nursing
وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِBreast-feeding makes unlawful (for marriages) the same things that blood tie make unlawful.
يحرم من الرضاع ما يحرم من النسبBreast-feeding makes unlawful (for marriages) the same things that blood tie make unlawful.
يحرم من الرضاع ما يحرم من النسبAs for those forbidden by in-law relationships, they are four: the wives of fathers, however high up the lineage, the wives of sons, however low down the lineage, the mother of the wife, however high up the lineage, and her daughter, however low down the lineage. Allah the Exalted said:
And do not marry those [women] whom your fathers married, except what has already occurred. Indeed, it was an immorality and hateful [to Allah] and was evil as a way.
وَلا تَنكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ ءابَاؤُكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَاحِشَةً وَمَقْتًا وَسَاءَ سَبِيلًاyour wives' mothers, and your step-daughters under your guardianship [born] of your wives unto whom you have gone in. But if you have not gone in unto them, there is no sin upon you. And [also prohibited are] the wives of your sons who are from your [own] loins
وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَلا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَحَلائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلابِكُمْand your step-daughters under your guardianship [born] of your wives unto whom you have gone in. But if you have not gone in unto them, there is no sin upon you.
وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَلا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْThe questioner : May Allah reward you, esteemed Shaykh, and may He magnify your reward.