What is the ruling on giving charity to one who does not deserve it?
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The Shaykh : It is reported in a hadith that a man used to come to the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) and ask him for money, and he would give it to him. When the beggar would leave carrying the money, the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) would say to those around him: . Why? Because he is asking, yet he has no right to ask. The meaning of "asking" here is begging; he comes to the Messenger (peace be upon him) to ask for money while he is strong, as he (peace and blessings be upon him) said in an authentic hadith: Jami` at-Tirmidhi 652Hasan (Darussalam), is clear, meaning: strength, meaning: well-formed, not deficient, not blind, not missing a hand or a foot. So, there is no charity for him; it is not permissible for him to ask, nor for charity to be given to him, unless he is poor or unable to work. When the man would come to him, he was of this type: either rich or a strong, healthy person. He would ask the Messenger (peace be upon him), and the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) would feel reluctant not to give him, so he had no choice but to give him. However, he clarified that this beggar who took what the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him was actually carrying fire; why? Because he asked for what he had no right to. The Companions would say to the Messenger (peace be upon him): "Then why do you give him, since you see, O Messenger of Allah, that this person does not deserve to ask, and consequently does not deserve to be given? Why do you give him?" The following explanation of the Messenger's (peace and blessings be upon him) answer indicates that he (peace and blessings be upon him) has a status and rank that justifies for him certain rulings that are specific to him and not to the rest of humanity. The Messenger (peace be upon him) said: .
The meaning of this is that the status of prophethood must be kept free from anything that is not befitting it, and among such things is stinginess. If the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) had refused to give to every beggar who came to him who was not permitted to ask, these people would have spread among the people that the Messenger (peace be upon him) is stingy and miserly; for example, "So-and-so came to him and asked him, but he did not give him," or "So-and-so came to him and asked him, but he did not give him." Such a rumor, which has visible effects, might convince some people, given that the Messenger refused to give from what is not befitting the status of prophethood and messengership. Therefore, it was more appropriate for the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) to give to the beggar, even if he was rich, or to give to the beggar, even if he was able to earn, so that it would not be said that he is stingy and miserly.
From this, we can say that anyone other than the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) does not have this ruling. I mean by this that if one of us is asked by a beggar—meaning a beggar comes and says, "From the wealth of Allah"—and the person asked knows that this beggar has no right to ask and has made asking and begging a profession, then he should not give to him; because in giving to him, he is helping him in his misguidance, helping him in making asking and begging a profession. Helping in falsehood is falsehood, and helping in sin is sin, as He (the Exalted) said:[Al-Ma'idah 5:2]. As for the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), he has that ruling as a special privilege for him over the people; meaning, it does not affect us, nor does the call to Islam delay if people spread the falsehood that, by Allah, so-and-so is miserly. But as for the Messenger (peace be upon him), who is the primary caller to Islam, the call might be delayed because of such a rumor that is based on the Messenger's (peace be upon him) refusal to give to one who does not deserve to be given. This is an example that helps us understand this conjunction in this hadith. Perhaps one who delves into the wealth of Allah and His Messenger—this wealth that the Messenger gave is his wealth—yet this beggar disposed of this wealth in an impermissible manner because he took it without right.
He went out or departed carrying it as fire
إنه خرج أو انصرفَ يتأبَّطها نارًاCharity is not lawful for the rich nor for the physically fit.
لا صدقة لغنيٍّ ولا لذي مرَّةٍ سويٍّfor a rich person
لغنيٍّfor one who has strength
لذي مرَّةٍwell-formed
سويٍّWhat can I do? They ask me, and Allah hates for me to be stingy
وماذا أفعل ؟ إنَّهم يسألونني ويكره الله لي البخلَThe meaning of this is that the status of prophethood must be kept free from anything that is not befitting it, and among such things is stinginess. If the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) had refused to give to every beggar who came to him who was not permitted to ask, these people would have spread among the people that the Messenger (peace be upon him) is stingy and miserly; for example, "So-and-so came to him and asked him, but he did not give him," or "So-and-so came to him and asked him, but he did not give him." Such a rumor, which has visible effects, might convince some people, given that the Messenger refused to give from what is not befitting the status of prophethood and messengership. Therefore, it was more appropriate for the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) to give to the beggar, even if he was rich, or to give to the beggar, even if he was able to earn, so that it would not be said that he is stingy and miserly.
From this, we can say that anyone other than the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) does not have this ruling. I mean by this that if one of us is asked by a beggar—meaning a beggar comes and says, "From the wealth of Allah"—and the person asked knows that this beggar has no right to ask and has made asking and begging a profession, then he should not give to him; because in giving to him, he is helping him in his misguidance, helping him in making asking and begging a profession. Helping in falsehood is falsehood, and helping in sin is sin, as He (the Exalted) said:
but do not cooperate in sin and aggression
وَلا تَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ
Source
www.al-albany.com
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.
