What is the ruling on fasting on behalf of a deceased person who died with fasting owed to him, and the ruling on offering the fast to him?
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The questioner : e : What is the reality of fasting on behalf of a deceased person
The Shaykh: as charity?
The questioner : e : Fasting
The Shaykh: by fasting on behalf of the deceased
The questioner : e : Yes, if he had fasting owed to him
The Shaykh: He had fasting owed to him?
The questioner : e : Yes, he had fasting owed to him because he was ill, and before that, was he fasting?
The Shaykh: Listen, if a person dies with fasting owed to him from the month of Ramadan, he is in one of two states. Either he was one who had an excuse, in which case he is not held accountable by Allah, such as the sick person you mentioned. Or he was one who was negligent and careless regarding fasting, prayer, and other acts of worship. In that case, no one can save him from the punishment of Allah (Mighty and Majestic) which he deserved by intentionally leaving off fasting, prayer, and the like of acts of worship. However, specifically regarding the parents, it is permissible for the child, whether male or female, to fast voluntarily, to give charity voluntarily, and to do all good voluntarily for the parents. This is permissible. As for what he left behind during his lifetime being expiated for him, there is no way to that, due to his saying (peace and blessings be upon him):Riyad as-Salihin 949 Is the answer clear to you?
The questioner : Yes.
The Shaykh: Do you have anything else?
The Shaykh: as charity?
The questioner : e : Fasting
The Shaykh: by fasting on behalf of the deceased
The questioner : e : Yes, if he had fasting owed to him
The Shaykh: He had fasting owed to him?
The questioner : e : Yes, he had fasting owed to him because he was ill, and before that, was he fasting?
The Shaykh: Listen, if a person dies with fasting owed to him from the month of Ramadan, he is in one of two states. Either he was one who had an excuse, in which case he is not held accountable by Allah, such as the sick person you mentioned. Or he was one who was negligent and careless regarding fasting, prayer, and other acts of worship. In that case, no one can save him from the punishment of Allah (Mighty and Majestic) which he deserved by intentionally leaving off fasting, prayer, and the like of acts of worship. However, specifically regarding the parents, it is permissible for the child, whether male or female, to fast voluntarily, to give charity voluntarily, and to do all good voluntarily for the parents. This is permissible. As for what he left behind during his lifetime being expiated for him, there is no way to that, due to his saying (peace and blessings be upon him):
When a man dies, his deeds come to an end, except for three: A continuous charity, knowledge by which people derive benefit, pious son who prays for him.
إذا مات الإنسان انقطع عمله إلاّ من ثلاث ، صدقة جارية أو علم ينتفع به أو ولد صالح يدعو لهThe questioner : Yes.
The Shaykh: Do you have anything else?
Source
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The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.