Chapter: What has come regarding the ablution, and the saying of Allah the Exalted

The reciter: In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon his family and all his Companions.
Al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) said in the Book of Ablution: In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful:
Chapter: What has come regarding the ablution and the saying of Allah the Exalted: Abu Abdullah said: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) clarified that the obligation of the ablution is to do each part once, and he also performed it twice and three times, but he did not exceed three. The scholars disliked extravagance in it, and exceeding the action of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)".

The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The author said: "The Book of Ablution". The word "ablution" (wudu') is derived from "wudu'" (beauty), and from it comes a "wadi'" (beautiful) face, meaning a beautiful face. The derivation is that in the ablution there is purification of the limbs and beautification of them, and in it is their purification from physical impurity and moral impurity, for sins and errors go out with the last drop of the drops of water, as is established from the Prophet (may Allah send prayers and blessings upon him).
Then the author began this chapter with the saying of Allah the Exalted: , and would that he (may Allah have mercy on him) had not deleted the vocative "O you who believe" so that the verse would be complete.
means when you intend to stand for the prayer, , and the command here is for obligation. The face is that by which the facing is beautified, and its limit is in width from ear to ear and in length from the curve of the forehead to the bottom of the chin.
, your hands: "hands" is the plural of "hand," and a person does not have more than two hands, just as he does not have more than one face. But because the address is to the group, the command is for the group. And his saying: is the plural of "elbow," which is what a person leans on, i.e., the joint between the upper arm and the forearm. The verse is qualified here by the elbows because if it were left unrestricted, it would be the palm only, as in the saying of Allah the Exalted regarding dry ablution: , for when it did not say "to the elbows," the specific limb for dry ablution became the palm.
and it did not say "wash"; and that is because the head is not obligatory to wash, nor is it recommended, nor is it permissible, but it is disliked. And perhaps we say that whoever washes his head as an act of worship invalidates his ablution; because he did something other than what he was commanded. And his saying: we said that it indicates the non-obligation of washing; and that is because if Allah the Exalted had made washing the head obligatory, there would be severe hardship in that, because if he washed it, the water would remain in it, and that would cause harm to the person, and perhaps it would cause him damage, as if that were in the days of winter. And because it would cause him harm from the water seeping from the head to the body, and thereby harm or damage would occur. For this reason, it was wisdom that Allah obligated only wiping it.
in my opinion is broken with a kasrah, and in a copy it is , and it is also two readings: and . So the Rafidah took the reading of the genitive case , and they said that the foot is not washed but only wiped, because it is conjoined to "heads," so the operative verb for both is one, which is wiping. Ibn Kathir said: "And the Rafidah opposed the people of the Sunnah in this place in three matters:
The first: that they made the ankle the protruding bone in the back of the foot, and the ankle is a protruding bone in the lower part of the shin.
The second: that they made the obligation of the foot wiping, and its obligation is washing.
And the third is that they prohibited wiping over the leather socks on the feet, even though the Sunnah regarding this is mass-transmitted.
And as for the reading of the accusative case , it is conjoined to what? To "your faces," conjoined to "your faces," meaning wash your feet.
And those who said by the obligation of washing the foot differed in how they explain the reading of the genitive case: . It was said that it is by way of proximity, by way of proximity, as the Arabs say: "This is a ruined hole of a weasel." The correct is: "ruined," because the ruin is a description of the hole, not of the weasel, but it is made genitive by way of proximity. So just as the description is affected by proximity, so too is the conjunction affected by proximity. But this interpretation or this explanation is not correct, because anomalous things are not permissible to apply the Qur'an to, and Allah the Exalted says: .
And it was said that it is from the chapter of exaggeration in facilitating the washing, meaning wash your feet with a washing that is like wiping. And that is because the prevailing custom is that a person exaggerates in washing the foot more than he exaggerates in washing the rest of the limbs, considering that it comes into contact with harm and dirt and the like.
And it was said, and this is the correct one: that the two readings apply to two meanings or to two states. They apply to two states, which the Sunnah clarified. So in the state of covering the foot with the leather sock and the sock, it is conjoined to: "heads," meaning and wipe your feet, i.e., on them, in the case where they are covered by the leather sock and the sock.
And on the reading of the accusative case, it is in the case where the foot is uncovered, for its obligation is washing, so it is conjoined to: "your faces." And this saying is the correct one and the necessary one, because the Sunnah explains the Qur'an, and if the Prophet (may Allah send prayers and blessings upon him and his family) explained it by his action, and even by his saying (may Allah send prayers and blessings upon him), it is necessary to adhere to it.
And it is established from the Prophet (may Allah send prayers and blessings upon him) that he was on a journey with his Companions, so the time for the 'Asr prayer overtook them, and they began to wash their feet. Some of them wiped and some of them washed part of the foot. So he called out (may Allah send prayers and blessings upon him and his family) with the highest voice: .
Then the author (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned that the Prophet (may Allah send prayers and blessings upon him and his family) performed the ablution once, and twice and three times, and did not exceed three.