A man performed tamattu' by combining 'Umrah with Hajj but did not slaughter a sacrificial animal and did not fast. What is your opinion on this?
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The questioner : I performed tamattu' by combining 'Umrah with Hajj, but I did not slaughter a sacrificial animal and I did not fast. What is your opinion on this? Please advise us. May Allah reward you with good.
The Shaykh : Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and I send prayers and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and his Companions, and upon those who follow them with excellence until the Day of Judgment. The questioner says that he performed tamattu' by combining 'Umrah with Hajj, but he did not offer a sacrificial animal and he did not fast. However, we must know what tamattu' is.
The questioner : Yes.
The Shaykh : Tamattu' by combining 'Umrah with Hajj, which is the basis for the obligation of the sacrificial animal, is when a person enters the state of ihram for 'Umrah during the months of Hajj, completes it, and exits the state of ihram completely. Then he enters the state of ihram for Hajj in the same year, and when he entered the state of ihram for 'Umrah, he had intended to perform Hajj. This is the one who performs tamattu'.
The questioner : Yes.
The Shaykh : The sacrificial animal is obligatory for him, on the condition that he does not return to his home. If he returns to his home and then sets out again for Hajj and enters the state of ihram for Hajj only, then he is one who performs ifrad, not tamattu'.
The obligatory sacrificial animal is what is acceptable for the 'Id sacrifice. It has three conditions, or rather, more than three conditions. The first is that it must be from the livestock of the herd. It is not permissible to offer a sacrificial animal from anything else, based on the saying of Allah the Exalted:[Al-Hajj 22:34].
The second is that it must have reached the acceptable age, which is the two-year-old from camels, cows, and goats, or the one-year-old from sheep. This is based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):Sunan al-Bayhaqi 17:117.
The third is that it must be free from defects that prevent its acceptance. These are the defects mentioned by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in his saying:Sunan Ibn Majah 3144Sahih (Darussalam) — meaning the emaciated one — .
The fourth is that it must be slaughtered at the time when the sacrificial animal is slaughtered, which is the Day of 'Id and the three days following it. It is not permissible to slaughter the sacrificial animal before the Day of 'Id, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not slaughter his sacrificial animal except on the Day of 'Id, when he stoned the Jamarat al-Aqabah.
The fifth is that it must be in the Haram, meaning within the miles of the Haram, whether in Mina, Muzdalifah, or in Makkah. Every road to Makkah and every path in Makkah is a road and a place of slaughter. It is not permissible to slaughter the sacrificial animal at 'Arafah or in other places outside the Haram.
We have heard that some people slaughtered their sacrificial animals outside the Haram, either at 'Arafah or in other directions that are not part of the Haram. This is not acceptable according to the majority of scholars. Rather, the slaughter must be in the Haram itself, meaning within the boundaries of the Haram. If he slaughters within the boundaries of the Haram, there is no harm in transporting the meat from it to outside the non-sacred area.
It is a condition for the obligation of the sacrificial animal on the one who performs tamattu' that he not be from the residents of the Sacred Mosque. If he is from the residents of the Sacred Mosque, then he owes no sacrificial animal, based on the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He:[Al-Baqarah 2:196]. That is, this ruling is established for the one whose home is not among the residents of the Sacred Mosque. The ruling mentioned is the obligation of the sacrificial animal, or its alternative for the one who does not have it.
The residents of the Sacred Mosque are the people of Makkah or the people of the Haram. That is, they are those who are within the boundaries of the Haram, or those who are from the people of Makkah, even if they are outside the boundaries of the Haram. I said "or those who are from the people of Makkah, even if they are outside the boundaries of the Haram" because the direction of al-Tan'im has now become part of Makkah, as the houses and buildings have extended beyond al-Tan'im, which is the beginning of the Haram and the end of the non-sacred area.
Accordingly, those who are from the people of al-Tan'im who are outside the Haram, or those beyond them, whose houses are connected to the houses of Makkah, are considered among the residents of the Sacred Mosque. And whoever is from other directions within the boundaries of the Haram and not connected to Makkah is also among the residents of the Sacred Mosque.
So the residents of the Sacred Mosque are the people of Makkah or the people of the Haram. If he is among the residents of the Sacred Mosque, then he owes no sacrificial animal and no fasting.
This questioner says that he performed Hajj as a tamattu' pilgrim and did not offer a sacrificial animal and did not fast. We tell him that he must now repent to Allah. If you were among those able to afford the sacrificial animal in the year of your Hajj, it is obligatory for you to slaughter it today, but in Makkah. If you were among those not able to afford the sacrificial animal in the year of your Hajj, then you must fast. So fast now for ten days, even in your country. Yes.
The questioner : May Allah bless you. He has another question. The honorable Shaykh says.
The Shaykh : Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and I send prayers and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and his Companions, and upon those who follow them with excellence until the Day of Judgment. The questioner says that he performed tamattu' by combining 'Umrah with Hajj, but he did not offer a sacrificial animal and he did not fast. However, we must know what tamattu' is.
The questioner : Yes.
The Shaykh : Tamattu' by combining 'Umrah with Hajj, which is the basis for the obligation of the sacrificial animal, is when a person enters the state of ihram for 'Umrah during the months of Hajj, completes it, and exits the state of ihram completely. Then he enters the state of ihram for Hajj in the same year, and when he entered the state of ihram for 'Umrah, he had intended to perform Hajj. This is the one who performs tamattu'.
The questioner : Yes.
The Shaykh : The sacrificial animal is obligatory for him, on the condition that he does not return to his home. If he returns to his home and then sets out again for Hajj and enters the state of ihram for Hajj only, then he is one who performs ifrad, not tamattu'.
The obligatory sacrificial animal is what is acceptable for the 'Id sacrifice. It has three conditions, or rather, more than three conditions. The first is that it must be from the livestock of the herd. It is not permissible to offer a sacrificial animal from anything else, based on the saying of Allah the Exalted:
that they may mention the name of Allah over what He has provided for them of [sacrificial] animals
لِيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَهُمْ مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الأَنْعَامِThe second is that it must have reached the acceptable age, which is the two-year-old from camels, cows, and goats, or the one-year-old from sheep. This is based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):
Do not slaughter except a mature animal, unless it is difficult for you, then slaughter a one-year-old from the sheep
لا تذبحوا إلا مسنّة، إلا أن تعسر عليكم فتذبحوا جذعة من الضأنThe third is that it must be free from defects that prevent its acceptance. These are the defects mentioned by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in his saying:
There are four that will not be accepted as sacrifices: The one-eyed animal that is obviously blind in one eye; the sick animal that is obviously sick; the lame animal with an
أربع لا تجوز في الأضاحي: العوراء البيّن عورها، والمريضة البيّن مرضها، والعرجاء البيّن ضلعها، والعجفاءthat does not have fat
التي لا تُنقيThe fourth is that it must be slaughtered at the time when the sacrificial animal is slaughtered, which is the Day of 'Id and the three days following it. It is not permissible to slaughter the sacrificial animal before the Day of 'Id, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not slaughter his sacrificial animal except on the Day of 'Id, when he stoned the Jamarat al-Aqabah.
The fifth is that it must be in the Haram, meaning within the miles of the Haram, whether in Mina, Muzdalifah, or in Makkah. Every road to Makkah and every path in Makkah is a road and a place of slaughter. It is not permissible to slaughter the sacrificial animal at 'Arafah or in other places outside the Haram.
We have heard that some people slaughtered their sacrificial animals outside the Haram, either at 'Arafah or in other directions that are not part of the Haram. This is not acceptable according to the majority of scholars. Rather, the slaughter must be in the Haram itself, meaning within the boundaries of the Haram. If he slaughters within the boundaries of the Haram, there is no harm in transporting the meat from it to outside the non-sacred area.
It is a condition for the obligation of the sacrificial animal on the one who performs tamattu' that he not be from the residents of the Sacred Mosque. If he is from the residents of the Sacred Mosque, then he owes no sacrificial animal, based on the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He:
then whoever performs 'umrah [during the Hajj months] followed by Hajj [offers] what can be obtained with ease of sacrificial animals. And whoever cannot find [or afford such an animal] - then a fast of three days during Hajj and of seven when you have returned [home]. Those are ten complete [days]. This is for those whose family is not in the area of al-Masjid al-Haram
فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ تِلْكَ عَشَرَةٌ كَامِلَةٌ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ حَاضِرِي الْمَسْجِدِ الحرامThe residents of the Sacred Mosque are the people of Makkah or the people of the Haram. That is, they are those who are within the boundaries of the Haram, or those who are from the people of Makkah, even if they are outside the boundaries of the Haram. I said "or those who are from the people of Makkah, even if they are outside the boundaries of the Haram" because the direction of al-Tan'im has now become part of Makkah, as the houses and buildings have extended beyond al-Tan'im, which is the beginning of the Haram and the end of the non-sacred area.
Accordingly, those who are from the people of al-Tan'im who are outside the Haram, or those beyond them, whose houses are connected to the houses of Makkah, are considered among the residents of the Sacred Mosque. And whoever is from other directions within the boundaries of the Haram and not connected to Makkah is also among the residents of the Sacred Mosque.
So the residents of the Sacred Mosque are the people of Makkah or the people of the Haram. If he is among the residents of the Sacred Mosque, then he owes no sacrificial animal and no fasting.
This questioner says that he performed Hajj as a tamattu' pilgrim and did not offer a sacrificial animal and did not fast. We tell him that he must now repent to Allah. If you were among those able to afford the sacrificial animal in the year of your Hajj, it is obligatory for you to slaughter it today, but in Makkah. If you were among those not able to afford the sacrificial animal in the year of your Hajj, then you must fast. So fast now for ten days, even in your country. Yes.
The questioner : May Allah bless you. He has another question. The honorable Shaykh says.