A word from His Eminence the Shaykh on the occasion of the onset of winter regarding wiping over socks and leather socks.

The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and his Companions, and those who follow them with excellence until the Day of Judgment.
As for what follows:
This is the third weekly meeting of the month of Jumada al-Thani in the year 1404, which takes place every Thursday. We ask Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, to make it beneficial.
We have completed our discussion on the exegesis of Surat al-Buruj in previous meetings. Today, I see that we should speak about what relates to the time, which is wiping over socks and leather socks, because the winter season for the general public began two days ago, which is known as: "al-Murba'aniyyah".
So we say: Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, made this religion easy. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said in His Book: .
And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: .
And he (peace and blessings be upon him) said while sending out delegations to call to Allah: :
This is the general rule in the Islamic religion; all the legislations of Islam bear witness to it. The foundation of the legislations is easy and simple, and then when something occurs that necessitates ease, it becomes easy. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said to 'Imran ibn Husayn: .
And He, the Exalted, said: , and in the midst of the verses He said: .
And in Hajj, Allah, the Exalted, said: meaning: let him shave it, and upon him is .
The general rule is: ,
And among the ease of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, is that Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, made wudu' obligatory for anyone who breaks his ritual purity when intending to pray. He, the Exalted, said: . Therefore, it is incumbent upon us, while we are performing wudu', to be conscious that we are obeying the command of Allah, as if Allah, the Exalted, is addressing us now, saying: so that we are thereby sincere to Allah, Mighty and Majestic. And we should be conscious that we are following the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) so that we achieve following him, meaning: as if the Messenger is in front of us now performing wudu', so we follow him in that, so that we achieve sincerity and following in this act of worship. And so it is with the rest of the acts of worship. Wudu' is obligatory, and what is obligatory in it is what Allah mentioned in the Qur'an: .
The Sunnah came to clarify some ambiguity in this verse, which is rinsing the mouth and sniffing water into the nose, for they are obligatory by the Sunnah, and they are included in His saying: , because the nose and mouth are part of the face.
Likewise, the ears; the Sunnah came to clarify wiping them along with the head, because they are part of the head. On this basis, rinsing the mouth and sniffing water into the nose are necessary, and wiping the ears is necessary. These are the obligations in wudu'.
But the most complete wudu' is: the intention, and this must accompany every action. Saying the basmalah, washing the two hands three times before washing the face, starting with rinsing the mouth and sniffing water into the nose before washing the face, combing through a thick beard that does not allow the skin to be seen, and washing the beard to the roots of the hair if it allows the skin to be seen, because it does not cover the skin, so the face is reached by the skin that this beard does not cover. Repeating the washing three times for the limbs, except the head, sometimes, and in the most common case, sometimes a person limits it to once, sometimes to twice, and sometimes he distributes it, washing the face three times, the hands twice, and the feet once, as the Sunnah came with that.
And among the grace of Allah and His ease in this wudu' is that if there is on the feet something that covers them, such as socks or leather socks, which are the knickers, then the person wipes over them.
But for a specific duration, as will be explained, and with conditions:
The first condition is that they are worn while in a state of purity, based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah when he reached to remove his leather socks, he said: So he wiped over them. If they are worn while not in a state of purity, wiping is not permissible. If one forgets and wipes, then he must repeat the wudu', wash the feet, and repeat the prayer, because he prayed while not in a state of purity.
The second condition: that the wiping is for the minor state of impurity, not the major one. Its evidence is the hadith of Safwan ibn 'Asal, who said: . If a person has major ritual impurity and has socks on, he must remove them and wash his feet, because the major purity, which is the ghusl from major ritual impurity, does not include wiping unless there is a cast. For this reason, the head is not wiped in it, but it must be washed completely.
The third condition: that the socks or leather socks are pure, so wiping over what is ritually impure is not valid, because the ritually impure thing does not increase by wiping over it except filth and contamination of the hand that touched the impurity. And because the person usually wipes in order to pray, and there is no prayer in the ritually impure thing. The evidence that there is no prayer in the ritually impure thing is: meaning that he removed them for that reason. And this indicates that what is worn must be pure.
The fourth condition: that it is within the time specified by the Shari'ah, which is one day and one night for the resident, and three days with their nights for the traveler. This duration begins from the first time of wiping after the state of impurity. If he wore them from the Fajr prayer, for example, and performed wudu' for the Zuhr prayer and wiped them, then the beginning of the duration is from Zuhr, meaning: from the time he wiped, until the same time comes on the next day if he is a resident, or on the third day if he is a traveler. Three days with their nights for the traveler, and one day and one night for the resident. The wisdom in this is clear, because the traveler is more in need of covering his feet than the resident.
These are the conditions for wiping over socks, or over leather socks. And as for the other conditions mentioned by some jurists, there is no evidence for them; rather, they are explanations derived by the jurists, which are accepted or not accepted. But these are the conditions that a person can be reassured by, and that must be present for the permissibility of wiping over leather socks. This is what I intended to clarify in this word.
As for what relates to a cast on a wound or a fracture:
If it is on a wound, the scholars say the following is followed:
First: the wound is washed with water. If it harms him to wipe it, meaning: wet his hand and wipe over it, if wiping harms him, or if something has been wrapped around it, then he wipes this wrapping in the minor and major state of impurity. Likewise, a plaster on a pain in the back or neck or the like, he wipes over it in the minor and major state of impurity. If this is not possible, meaning: the wound is fresh and cannot be wrapped, and cannot be wiped with water, then he performs tayammum for it. These are the levels:
Washing it, then wiping it, then wiping the wrapping, then tayammum. And this is permissible in the minor state of impurity and in the major state of impurity, because it is a purity of necessity, so it is estimated by its amount, even if it remains for days or months, the ruling remains, because the ruling is estimated by its amount.
And praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, and his family and all his Companions. Now, as for the questions, we start with the right side.