Continuation of the exegesis of the saying of Allah the Exalted: “Among the believers are men who fulfilled what they covenanted with Allah. Of them, some have fulfilled their destiny, and some are waiting, and they have not altered [their covenant] in any way.”
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It is an indefinite noun, and beginning a sentence with an indefinite noun is not permissible. The answer is that Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) says:
“And it is not permissible to begin with an indefinite noun unless it conveys a specific meaning, like ‘At Zayd’s place is a number.’”
The verse with us is like this example, my son: “At Zayd’s place is a number.” The justification for beginning with an indefinite noun here is the postponement of the subject, and[Al-Ahzab 33:23] the justification for postponing the subject is that in the verse there is also another justification, which is the description of this indefinite noun, because describing an indefinite noun specifies it. And in his saying: is for partiality, because it is estimated to mean “some.” The grammarians differed regarding the “min” of partiality; some said it is a noun and is according to the factors, but the effect of the factor does not appear on it because it is a letter, and the effect transfers to what follows it. Others said it is a preposition, but its meaning is partiality, and this is the position of most grammarians. [Al-Ahzab 33:23] What is the meaning of ? It means they carried it out, just as you say “he fulfilled the promise,” meaning he kept his promise to me. So they kept what they covenanted with Allah, which was steadfastness with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Like whom? Mus'ab ibn Umayr and others: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. Yes, many of them. Allah the Mighty and Majestic says: died or was killed in the cause of Allah. [Al-Ahzab 33:23] That is [Al-Ahzab 33:23] in the covenant, and they are the opposite of the state of the hypocrites. “Allah has divided these men who fulfilled what they covenanted with Allah into two groups: a group that fulfilled their destiny, meaning they completed their lives and were killed in the cause of Allah, like Hamzah ibn Abd al-Muttalib (may Allah be pleased with him), for he was killed as a martyr in the cause of Allah, as well as the rest of the martyrs of Uhud. And some are waiting. What are they waiting for? They are waiting for battle in the cause of Allah, because they have fulfilled what they covenanted with Allah, so they are waiting to be martyred. But will that happen for them or not? It may happen and it may not. For this reason, it is said that Khalid ibn al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) expressed regret in his state of illness that he had not been killed as a martyr in the cause of Allah, and he said:” meaning he regretted that he had not left a battle without entering it, and here I am dying on my bed as a donkey dies. “Because they want to be martyred in the cause of Allah. He said: [Al-Ahzab 33:23] This is conjoined to [Al-Ahzab 33:23], meaning and among them are men who did not alter [their covenant] in any way. What did they alter? The author says:” in the covenant. “And alteration in the covenant includes breaking it entirely and includes neglecting some of its conditions, meaning it includes breaking it entirely and not paying attention to it, or neglecting some of its conditions. He said, “I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Shaytan.” Allah the Mighty and Majestic said: [Al-Ahzab 33:23] is a fronted predicate, is a postponed subject, and the sentence is a description of . [Al-Ahzab 33:23] Meaning that they confirmed their words with their actions, so the covenant they covenanted with Allah, they carried it out and kept it. And know that the meaning of his saying: [Al-Ahzab 33:23] is that among the believers are men who covenanted with Allah and then fulfilled what they covenanted with Allah, and the meaning is not that among the believers are men who fulfilled [their covenant] and among them are some who did not fulfill it, so that one who slanders the Companions or says that they are not all truthful can cling to it. Rather, the meaning is that among the believers are men who covenanted with Allah and fulfilled what they covenanted with Allah. Rather, among the believers are some who did not covenant with Allah the Exalted about anything, but he remains in obedience to his Lord wherever He commands. Among those who covenanted with Allah is Anas ibn al-Nadr (may Allah be pleased with him), for Anas ibn al-Nadr did not witness Badr. So when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from Badr, he said:” “O Messenger of Allah, this is the first battle in which I fought alongside you against the disbelievers. By Allah, if Allah the Exalted keeps me alive, He will surely see what I do.” “So when the Battle of Uhud came, he fought (may Allah be pleased with him) until he was killed. He had about eighty wounds, between spear thrusts and sword strikes, so he fulfilled what he covenanted with Allah. This is the meaning of the verse. So his saying:” “He will surely see what I do.” “This is a covenant, because it is a commitment he made upon himself. He said: It was also said: meaning their term, meaning they died and were killed. [Al-Ahzab 33:23] meaning they are waiting for death and being killed as martyrs in the cause of Allah the Exalted. He said: [Al-Ahzab 33:23] steadfastness with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). died or was killed in the cause of Allah. [Al-Ahzab 33:23] That is [Al-Ahzab 33:23] For this reason, he said: and alteration occurs by leaving it entirely and by changing it by decrease or increase. For this reason, he said: [Al-Ahzab 33:23] The author said:” “And they are the opposite of the state of the hypocrites,” because the state of the hypocrites is the opposite: they covenant with Allah and do not keep their covenant. Allah the Exalted said: [At-Tawbah: 77] As for the believer, he keeps what he covenanted with Allah.
“And it is not permissible to begin with an indefinite noun unless it conveys a specific meaning, like ‘At Zayd’s place is a number.’”
The verse with us is like this example, my son: “At Zayd’s place is a number.” The justification for beginning with an indefinite noun here is the postponement of the subject, and