Exegesis of the saying of Allah the Exalted: {Except those with whom you have made a treaty among the polytheists...} the verse

Q: A questioner asks about the exegesis of the fourth verse of the noble Surah: {Except those with whom you have made a treaty among the polytheists, then they did not fail you in anything and did not support anyone against you, so complete their treaty with them until their term. Indeed, Allah loves the righteous} [At-Tawbah: 4].

A: As for those with whom there is a treaty, Allah commanded His Messenger to complete their treaty with them as long as they do not alter or break the treaty or support the enemies of the Muslims. If they support them, it becomes obligatory to fight them, and if they break the treaty, it is the same. Therefore, when Quraysh assisted Banu Bakr against Khuzaa'ah, the treaty of Quraysh and Banu Bakr was broken, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) fought them on the Day of the Conquest and entered Mecca, conquering it by force in the eighth year of the Hijrah because of their breaking of the treaty. This was because Khuzaa'ah were under the alliance of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and Banu Bakr were under the alliance and treaty of Quraysh. Banu Bakr attacked Khuzaa'ah, meaning they transgressed against them and came upon them suddenly, fighting them while they were under the alliance of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). So they sought the help of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him to support them, and he promised them support. Quraysh had assisted them with money and weapons; therefore, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) campaigned against them, and Allah granted him the conquest of Mecca because of their breaking of the treaty. He had made a treaty with them for ten years, so when they broke the treaty by assisting Banu Bakr, their treaty was annulled, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) campaigned against them, and Allah granted him the victory.