Exegesis of the verse: (( To men belongs a share of what the parents and close relatives leave behind . . . )) .

I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Shaytan. Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, said: We begin first with the grammatical analysis. is a fronted predicate, and is a delayed subject. Likewise, and His saying: this is connected to a deleted attribute of , and it is permissible for it to be connected to a deleted predicate for a deleted subject, meaning: that is from what is little of it. And His saying: is a state (hal), a state of "what" in His saying: and is an attribute or another state, an attribute of , and that is more appropriate. It is permissible for it to be another state, and that is the weaker position. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: meaning a share. He did not specify it here, but He specified it in verses that follow. Generalization followed by detail is from the perfection of eloquence, because when a thing is generalized, the souls remain eager for its detail. So the detail comes while the souls are eager for it, unlike if the thing came detailed directly, for it may reach a soul that is not eager for it, so it does not stick in the mind and does not gain strength in acceptance. Did you understand this? Generalization first, then detail second, is from the perfection of eloquence for the reason we mentioned to you. And His saying: means the mother and the father. As for the mother, it is apparent that she is the parent, as He, the Exalted, said: And as for the father, it is likewise. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: And a child must have a parent. Likewise, it came in a hadith: So "parent" (walid) when used generally refers to the mother and the father. As for the mother, it is apparent, and as for the father, it is due to the texts you heard. And His saying: and He did not say: "and the relatives." "Closest" (al-aqrab) is a name of superlative, and that is because inheritance does not encompass all relatives, but the closest then the closest. And indicating this is the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): , and five of the heirs cannot be excluded, and they are those who are directly connected to the deceased: the father, the mother, the son, the daughter, and one of the spouses. These cannot be excluded because they inherit directly from the deceased. And He also said: And He specified the share of women with this formulation equal to the share of men to affirm their right, otherwise it is known that the share of women is less than the share of men. And He also said: But it came with this formulation to affirm the share of women, because in the pre-Islamic age of ignorance, in their unjust rulings, they did not inherit for women. They said: "Inheritance is only for whoever carried the weapon and fought in the battles, and they are the men. As for the women, they have no right in inheritance." Undoubtedly, this is a ruling based on injustice. If we looked at it at first glance, we would say that women are more deserving of inheritance than men, because they are weaker and less able to earn than men. But the ruling of Allah, Glorified and Exalted, is the best of rulings. He made for them a share and for the men a share, but because of the greater responsibility on the men, He made for the male the like of the share of two females. He said: meaning a share of the little or the much. Meaning, whether the deceased left behind a lot of wealth or a little wealth, if he left behind one dirham, the men would have a share and the women would have a share. And if he left behind millions of millions, the men would have a share and the women would have a share. It is not said that if the wealth is little, the women have no share, or if the wealth is much, the women have no share. Rather, we say there is no difference between the little and the much. And His saying: this phrase should be paused upon because what follows it is not connected to "much" and "little," but it is connected to an implied [word]. The meaning is: He made this a prescribed share, or in the state of it being a prescribed share, but it is not connected to the agent in "little" or "much." And His saying, the Exalted: the intended meaning is that it is certain, and the intended meaning is not that it is fixed, because the inheritance of children, if they are gathered as sons and daughters, is not fixed. It is not a fixed share (fard) but it is by agnation (ta'asib). But the intended meaning of "prescribed" (fard) here is certainty, as you say: "The prayers are five prescribed," meaning they are made certain and obligatory.