Exegesis of the saying of Allah the Exalted: “... and your feet to the ankles. And if you are in a state of major ritual impurity, then purify yourselves. And if you are ill, or on a journey, or any one of you comes from the place of relief...”

He said: There are two correct canonical recitations, the first: and the second: with a kasrah, so according to the first recitation, it is conjoined to His saying: or to ? Because when the conjoined items are multiple, the one being conjoined to is what follows the operator, which is the first. Did you understand, O ? As for the recitation with the genitive case, there is a problem with it according to some scholars, some of whom said that it was made genitive by way of proximity. What is proximity? They said that a word may follow the word next to it in grammatical case, and they gave as an example the Arabs' saying: "This is the burrow of a dead adder," or "dead"? Dead. Okay, "dead" cannot be an attribute of the adder, because the dead thing is the burrow, but they said it was made genitive by way of proximity. However, this explanation is defective. This explanation is defective, but it is the habit of many grammarians; when they are unable to justify the grammatical case, they mention a cause that may be forced. For this reason, they say that the causes of the grammarians are like the burrows of the gerbil. Do you know this? The burrows of the gerbil, you don't know them? You don't know the gerbil? Let Hajjaj bring you one. The gerbil is a small animal larger than a mouse, and the mouse, we all know it, but its legs are long and its hands are very short, and it has a long tail, and it is cunning; it digs a burrow for itself in the desert and makes it have one door, but it continues to dig and digs a tunnel to its farthest point until there is nothing left for it to break through except a thin layer, and it stops in order to, if someone blocks its burrow from the mouth of the burrow, it exits from the closed door until it needs it. For this reason, this is called the gerbil's escape route. Do you understand? Okay, we say that the opinion that it is based on proximity is questionable, but the Shaykh al-Islam (may Allah have mercy on him) went to a good school of thought. He said: Allah said: and because a man has two states: a state in which he is exposed, and its obligation is the full ritual bath, and a state in which he is covered, and its obligation is wiping. And His saying, Exalted is He: What are the two ankles? The two ankles are the two prominent bones at the bottom of the lower leg, and they are well known. The discussion on the ablution caused by the minor state of ritual impurity has ended. He said: There is a problem in the verse from the aspect that the one being addressed is a group, but the news is in the singular form; he did not say, for example, "If you are in a state of major ritual impurity," but rather he said: ? The answer is easy, because the word "janabah" in the broad language is the same for the singular, the group, the dual, and the one, and even though it was reported in a weak language that its plural is "junubayn," the famous broad language is that the word "janabah" is applied to the one and the group. So who is the one in a state of major ritual impurity? The one in a state of major ritual impurity is the one who has emitted semen, so he is the one in a state of major ritual impurity, and the Sunnah included with him the one who has intercourse even if he did not emit, due to the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): . And His saying: Its original form is "taha" but the taa was changed to a taa, and Allah, Glorified and Exalted, did not clarify how we purify ourselves, but the form indicates generalization. He did not say "purify a part of your bodies" or "an organ of your organs," but rather he said: "purify," and this includes the entire body, and it has two characteristics as will come, if Allah wills, in the benefits. And with this, the discussion on the cause of the major state of ritual impurity has ended. The cause of the major state of ritual impurity is in two words, and the cause of the minor state of ritual impurity is in multiple words, and the reason for that is that the limbs in the cause of the minor state of ritual impurity are multiple, whereas in the major state of ritual impurity, the limb is one, which is the body, the entire body, for this reason there is no order in it, as we will mention, if Allah wills. The discussion has now ended on the two purifications, the minor and the major, with water or without water? With water. Okay. Then Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, said: From here, the discussion moved to the other purification, which is purification with earth, and the beginning of the verse is purification with water. The word "maradha" is the plural of "marid," and the "marid" is the one whose health is impaired, and the meaning is: if you are sick and are harmed by water. If a person says, why did you restrict it when Allah made it general? We say that wisdom requires that, because the sick person who is not harmed by water, and perhaps water is health for him and he is energized by it, has no need to turn away from water to earth. Meaning in travel, and travel is whenever a person leaves his place of residence, whenever a person leaves his place of residence, it is travel, and for this reason it was called travel because the person travels and exits from the bond or from the limit, which is his country, to another place, and whether it is limited or unlimited, we will speak about it, if Allah wills, in the benefits. If someone says: Is there evidence for what you claimed, meaning "came" or meaning "and"? We say yes, and from that is the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) in the supplication for distress and sorrow Or here means ? It means "and" for what? For what does it mean "and," my brother? Yes? Because what He revealed in His Book, He named Himself with it, for this reason you named yourself with it, and "or" means "and," meaning and He revealed it in Your Book, or You taught it to one of Your creation, or You kept it in the knowledge of the unseen with You, and the meaning does not hold except with this, meaning making "or" mean "and," meaning any male or female, young or old, from those who stand for prayer. And His saying: The "ghayt" is the low-lying place of the earth, pay attention! And they, meaning the Arabs, used to frequent this place, meaning the low-lying part of the earth, to relieve themselves, to hide themselves from people, there were no gardens or bathrooms or toilets in the houses, so if a person wanted to relieve himself, he would go out to the low-lying place and relieve himself there to hide himself from people, and on this basis, the "ghayt" here includes the one who relieved himself of urine or of feces, pay attention! And this is not limited to the one who relieved himself of feces, as long as we have explained that the "ghayt" is the low-lying place of the earth. And in a recitation: The verb is built for the passive voice, such that the action is done by, by whom? By both parties, by the man and the woman, and this is not true except with intercourse, for this reason the scholars (may Allah have mercy on them) differed on whether the meaning of "touching" here is touching with the hand or whether the meaning is intercourse? So Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and her) said that the meaning is intercourse and not touching with the hand. If someone says: There is a correct canonical recitation in it and "touching" is less than "mutual touching," and it is clear that the meaning is touching with the hand, so why do you not say that the meaning is touching the woman? We say we do not say that, because the second recitation indicates that the meaning is intercourse and this is from the aspect of the wording, from the aspect of the meaning, if we took it to mean that the meaning is touching with the hand, it would be that Allah, Exalted is He, mentioned two causes of purification of the same type, whereas in the purification with water, He mentioned two causes of two types, so if we say that means touching with the hand, it would be that the verse mentions two causes of the same type and neglects what? Neglects another, which is necessary, and this is a preference from the aspect of the meaning. And His saying: Women are the females, but is it said that it is every woman? The answer is no, we do not say every woman, every woman who has intercourse, and as for the one who does not have intercourse, she is not a place of desire, but if it is assumed that someone forced a young girl and had intercourse with her, then it falls under the verse. And His saying: This is conjoined to His saying: , and now it is the turn of questions, if you have any questions.