Commentary on Tafsir al-Jalalayn: ((And He is the One who accepts repentance from His servants)) from among them ((and forgives sins)) those who repent from them ((and knows what
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Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, said: [Ash-Shuraa 42:25] The author said: "from among them", so he shifted the meaning of 'an (from) to the meaning of min (from among), and this is based on what was mentioned previously, namely that the prepositions of meaning alternate, meaning that some take the place of others. However, it is preferable to keep the word in its apparent sense, such that "He accepts repentance from His servants" includes the meaning of "He forgives them." Thus, "He accepts repentance from His servants" means He accepts it and forgives them, and we keep 'an in its original sense. And His saying: [Ash-Shuraa 42:25] is like an emphasis of what came before.
"[Ash-Shuraa 42:25] those who repent from them", and 'afw (forgiveness) is derived from their saying: "The wind covered the trace," meaning it concealed it. It refers to overlooking the punishment for sins. Al-sayyi'at (sins) is the plural of sayyi'ah, which is anything that causes a person distress whether by doing it or by it happening to them. The intended meaning of al-sayyi'at here—my interpretation of it according to the wording—is that it refers to opposing the Shari'ah. So anything that opposes the Shari'ah is a sin, whether by leaving an obligatory act or by doing a forbidden act.
[Ash-Shuraa 42:25] He says: "with the yaa and the taa", "what you do" and "what they do." As for the reading "what they do," it matches the previous pronouns , meaning what the servants do. As for the reading with the taa, it is an instance of al-iltifat (shifting) from the third person to the second person. The style of al-iltifat is a rhetorical device intended to alert the addressee to what is being conveyed to him. This is because if speech remains on a single tone, a person may become accustomed to it and perhaps neglect it. But when it changes, the person stops. Why did it become so? Pay attention: it became al-iltifat in the reading: [Ash-Shuraa 42:25], a shift from the third person to the second person. Al-iltifat is a known art in rhetoric, and one of its benefits is alerting the addressee. Look at the saying of Allah the Exalted: [Al-Ma'idah: 12]. The context requires saying "and We sent from them," but He said: , so He shifted from the third person to the first person to alert the addressee. He said: [Ash-Shuraa 42:25] His knowledge of what we do includes knowledge of apparent things and hidden things. A person may commit an apparent sin that people know and that He, Mighty and Majestic, knows, that the Lord of people knows. Or it may be hidden, not known by people, but known by Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He. Yes.
The questioner : If in the interpretation of repentance it is mentioned thus from some of the Companions and the Successors, is it in the category of mentioning the most important conditions, or is it by mentioning the greatest of them?
The Shaykh : It is either in the category of limiting it to some of the conditions, or they are addressing someone they know did not repent; he committed it in a broad manner without caring or being concerned, so they focused on this condition over the others.
And it is He who accepts repentance from his servants
وهو الذي يقبل التوبة عن عبادهpardons misdeeds
ويعفوا عن السيئات"
who accepts repentance from his servants and pardons misdeeds
يقبل التوبة عن عباده ويعفوا عن السيئاتand He knows what you do.
ويعلم ما تفعلونand knows what they do
ويعلم ما يفعلونand He knows what you do.
ويعلم ما تفعلونAnd Allah had already taken a covenant from the Children of Israel, and We delegated from among them twelve leaders.
وَلَقَدْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَبَعَثْنَا مِنْهُمُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ نقيباand We sent from them
وبعثنا منهمand He knows what you do.
ويعلم ما تفعلونThe questioner : If in the interpretation of repentance it is mentioned thus from some of the Companions and the Successors, is it in the category of mentioning the most important conditions, or is it by mentioning the greatest of them?
The Shaykh : It is either in the category of limiting it to some of the conditions, or they are addressing someone they know did not repent; he committed it in a broad manner without caring or being concerned, so they focused on this condition over the others.