Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "Bal ma tilihi aw lahi al-'alamah *** wa al-nun in tushaddad fa la malamah."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh :"Bal ma tilihi aw lahi al-'alamah", "Bal ma tilihi aw lahi al-'alamah", what does the yaa follow in "alladhi"? What does the yaa follow in "alladhi"?
The student: The dhal.
The Shaykh : The dhal, and in "allati" it is the taa. He means: the letter that the yaa follows, which is the dhal in "alladhi" and the taa in "allati": "aw lahi al-'alamah", meaning: make the marker of the dual immediately after it. And why did we delete it? Because two static letters met, the first of which is a letter of softness, and the rule, as we mentioned to you, is: "that if two static letters meet, the first of which is a sound letter, it is broken (kasrah), and if it is a letter of defect, it is deleted".
"Bal ma tilihi aw lahi al-'alamah *** wa al-nun in tushaddad fa la malamah":
This means that in the state of dual, if you shadd the nun, there is no blame on you, and that is because shadding the nun is Arabic language, and the one who speaks in the Arabic language is not blamed. So you say, for example: "I honored the two who honored me," "the two who honored me," and you say: "The two whom I honored came," so you shadd the nun in the state of nominative, and in the state of accusative, and in the state of genitive. Now: "wa al-nun in tushaddad fa la malamah":
The author now mentioned from the relative pronouns: "ma" for the singular masculine, "ma" for the singular feminine, "ma" for the dual masculine, and "ma" for the dual feminine. How many are these?
The student: Four.
The Shaykh : Four. The singular masculine: "alladhi," always in the state of nominative, accusative, and genitive. And the singular feminine, what is it?
The student: "Allati."
The Shaykh : "Allati," always in the nominative, accusative, and genitive. So they are built on sukun (stillness). The dual masculine: "alladhaan" in the state of nominative, and "alladhayn" in the rest. Allah the Exalted said:, and He said: [Fussilat 41:29]. The first is nominative, and the second is accusative. Now, the singular feminine: "allati," built on sukun. And the dual: "allatani" in the nominative, and "allatayn" in the accusative and genitive. Now, if the relative pronoun is singular, it is built on the sukun of the yaa, clear. If it is dual, on what is it built?
The student: In the state of nominative?
The Shaykh : The correct is that it is built on the alif in the state of nominative, and on the yaa in the states of accusative and genitive, just as the demonstrative pronoun is built. And the nun is extra to improve the pronunciation. Then he said: "al-nun in tushaddad fa la malamah": Mention it with shadd?
The student: Me?
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: "Alladhayn."
The Shaykh : "Alladhayn" in the state of nominative.
The student: "Alladhayn."
The Shaykh : And in the state of accusative and genitive?
The student: "Alladhayn."
The Shaykh : "Alladhayn," yes. He said: "wa al-nun min dhayn tayn shuddida *** ayyadha wa ta'widhun bi-dhak qusida".
The student: The time is up.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: The time is up.
The Shaykh : How?
The student: The time is over.
The Shaykh : Did he finish?
The questioner : His saying: "aw lahi al-'alamah."
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: "Aw lahi al-'alamah."
The Shaykh : What?
The student: "Aw lahi al-'alamah!"
The Shaykh : What?
The student: His saying: "Aw lahi al-'alamah."
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The dhal.
The Shaykh : The dhal, and in "allati" it is the taa. He means: the letter that the yaa follows, which is the dhal in "alladhi" and the taa in "allati": "aw lahi al-'alamah", meaning: make the marker of the dual immediately after it. And why did we delete it? Because two static letters met, the first of which is a letter of softness, and the rule, as we mentioned to you, is: "that if two static letters meet, the first of which is a sound letter, it is broken (kasrah), and if it is a letter of defect, it is deleted".
"Bal ma tilihi aw lahi al-'alamah *** wa al-nun in tushaddad fa la malamah":
This means that in the state of dual, if you shadd the nun, there is no blame on you, and that is because shadding the nun is Arabic language, and the one who speaks in the Arabic language is not blamed. So you say, for example: "I honored the two who honored me," "the two who honored me," and you say: "The two whom I honored came," so you shadd the nun in the state of nominative, and in the state of accusative, and in the state of genitive. Now: "wa al-nun in tushaddad fa la malamah":
The author now mentioned from the relative pronouns: "ma" for the singular masculine, "ma" for the singular feminine, "ma" for the dual masculine, and "ma" for the dual feminine. How many are these?
The student: Four.
The Shaykh : Four. The singular masculine: "alladhi," always in the state of nominative, accusative, and genitive. And the singular feminine, what is it?
The student: "Allati."
The Shaykh : "Allati," always in the nominative, accusative, and genitive. So they are built on sukun (stillness). The dual masculine: "alladhaan" in the state of nominative, and "alladhayn" in the rest. Allah the Exalted said:
And the two who come to you with it
واللذان يأتيناها منكمOur Lord, show us those who misled us
ربنا أرنا اللَّذين أضلاناThe student: In the state of nominative?
The Shaykh : The correct is that it is built on the alif in the state of nominative, and on the yaa in the states of accusative and genitive, just as the demonstrative pronoun is built. And the nun is extra to improve the pronunciation. Then he said: "al-nun in tushaddad fa la malamah": Mention it with shadd?
The student: Me?
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: "Alladhayn."
The Shaykh : "Alladhayn" in the state of nominative.
The student: "Alladhayn."
The Shaykh : And in the state of accusative and genitive?
The student: "Alladhayn."
The Shaykh : "Alladhayn," yes. He said: "wa al-nun min dhayn tayn shuddida *** ayyadha wa ta'widhun bi-dhak qusida".
The student: The time is up.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: The time is up.
The Shaykh : How?
The student: The time is over.
The Shaykh : Did he finish?
The questioner : His saying: "aw lahi al-'alamah."
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: "Aw lahi al-'alamah."
The Shaykh : What?
The student: "Aw lahi al-'alamah!"
The Shaykh : What?
The student: His saying: "Aw lahi al-'alamah."
The Shaykh : Yes.