Discussion on the Signs of the Verb
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The Shaykh : And all his companions, what are the signs of the noun?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : How?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : I said the noun, not the verb? No, wait, I want the verb. Yes.
The student: The entry of qad, the sin, and sawfa, and the quiescent feminine taa.
The Shaykh : So, four signs, because any word that qad enters into is a verb; if the sin enters into it, it is a verb; if sawfa enters into it, it is a verb; if the quiescent feminine taa enters into it, it is a verb. Good, give me an example of one that has the quiescent feminine taa entered into it.
The student:.
The Shaykh : Like this? [Adh-Dhariyat 51:29] Like this? Hind stood up, correct? Good, what do you say about a tree? A tree, yes. Is a tree a verb or not a verb?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Why does it have the feminine taa?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : It is not quiescent, and the author says: the quiescent feminine taa. Good, tell me... is it a noun or not a noun? This is a tree.
The student: A noun.
The Shaykh : And what is the evidence?
The student: It has tanween.
The Shaykh : The evidence of the tanween, is there anything else of the sign of the noun besides the tanween?
The student: There is nothing in it.
The Shaykh : There is nothing in it. Good, the sin, an example of the verb that has the sin in it So, they know is a noun or a verb because the sin entered into it. Good, sawfa.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, you.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, that is right.
The student:
The Shaykh : To His saying: [At-Takathur 102:3-4] You will know is a verb because sawfa entered into it, like this? Good, qad, yes.
The student:
The Shaykh :[Al-Mu'minun 23:1] Where is the verb?
The student: Qad.
The Shaykh : No, it is not qad. Aflaha, how? Come on, which one? You have qad and aflaha, and al-mu'minun, where is the verb?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : The verb is the word that qad enters into; it is the verb. Now, the word, and what entered into it qad? And what is the word that qad entered into?
The student: Aflaha.
The Shaykh : Aflaha, but aflaha. So, aflaha is a verb. Al-mu'minun, what do you have? Al-mu'minun, what? A noun or a verb or a particle?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What is the sign of the noun in it?
The student: Alif and lam.
The Shaykh : Alif and lam, perfect, good. What is the sign of the particle? Yes, yes. The sign of the particle is the absence of a sign, meaning it does not have the sign of the noun or the sign of the verb entered into it, so this is a particle. An example of it.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Come on. An example of the particle.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : But, an example, we do not want a sign.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : We do not want all of these to be a sentence. If he said, give me a sentence with a particle, that is fine. Bring me a particle, but Khalid.
The student: Who?
The Shaykh : From our side, all the letters of the genitive case are particles. Bring one of them.
The student: From “upon.”
The Shaykh : Good, well done. This is the sign of the particle. The particle has no sign; the sign of the noun or the sign of the verb does not enter into it. And al-Hariri said in his *Malaḥa*:
"The particle is that which has no sign *** So compare with my saying, and you will be a scholar"
Good, we have finished the first chapter and we know it. Good, or do we go back? Good.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : How?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : I said the noun, not the verb? No, wait, I want the verb. Yes.
The student: The entry of qad, the sin, and sawfa, and the quiescent feminine taa.
The Shaykh : So, four signs, because any word that qad enters into is a verb; if the sin enters into it, it is a verb; if sawfa enters into it, it is a verb; if the quiescent feminine taa enters into it, it is a verb. Good, give me an example of one that has the quiescent feminine taa entered into it.
The student:
The Bedouins said
قالت الأعرابThe Shaykh :
The Bedouins said
قالت الأعرابand said, "[I am] a barren old woman!"
قالت عجوز عقيمThe student: ... .
The Shaykh : Why does it have the feminine taa?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : It is not quiescent, and the author says: the quiescent feminine taa. Good, tell me... is it a noun or not a noun? This is a tree.
The student: A noun.
The Shaykh : And what is the evidence?
The student: It has tanween.
The Shaykh : The evidence of the tanween, is there anything else of the sign of the noun besides the tanween?
The student: There is nothing in it.
The Shaykh : There is nothing in it. Good, the sin, an example of the verb that has the sin in it
Nay, they will know
كلا سيعلمونThe student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, you.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, that is right.
The student:
They will know
سوف يعلمونThe Shaykh :
They will know
سوف يعلمونAlhaakum al-takaathur
ألهاكم التكاثر(3) No! You are going to know. (4) Then no! You are going to know.
كلا سوف تعلمون * ثم كلا سوف تعلمونThe student:
So the believers succeeded
فد أفلح المؤمنونThe Shaykh :
Certainly will the believers have succeeded:
قد أفلح المؤمنونThe student: Qad.
The Shaykh : No, it is not qad. Aflaha, how? Come on, which one? You have qad and aflaha, and al-mu'minun, where is the verb?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : The verb is the word that qad enters into; it is the verb. Now, the word, and what entered into it qad? And what is the word that qad entered into?
The student: Aflaha.
The Shaykh : Aflaha, but aflaha. So, aflaha is a verb. Al-mu'minun, what do you have? Al-mu'minun, what? A noun or a verb or a particle?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What is the sign of the noun in it?
The student: Alif and lam.
The Shaykh : Alif and lam, perfect, good. What is the sign of the particle? Yes, yes. The sign of the particle is the absence of a sign, meaning it does not have the sign of the noun or the sign of the verb entered into it, so this is a particle. An example of it.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Come on. An example of the particle.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : But, an example, we do not want a sign.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : We do not want all of these to be a sentence. If he said, give me a sentence with a particle, that is fine. Bring me a particle, but Khalid.
The student: Who?
The Shaykh : From our side, all the letters of the genitive case are particles. Bring one of them.
The student: From “upon.”
The Shaykh : Good, well done. This is the sign of the particle. The particle has no sign; the sign of the noun or the sign of the verb does not enter into it. And al-Hariri said in his *Malaḥa*:
"The particle is that which has no sign *** So compare with my saying, and you will be a scholar"
Good, we have finished the first chapter and we know it. Good, or do we go back? Good.