Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And what the fa of ba'a has, the 'ayn that follows it has, in ikhtara and inqada and their like, it becomes clear"
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The Shaykh :"And what the fa of ba'a has, the 'ayn that follows it has, in ikhtara and inqada and their like, it becomes clear"
That is: it becomes clear. "And what the fa of ba'a has" The fa of ba'a is the ba, and it has been mentioned previously that it has three forms: kasrah (bi'a), imsham (between kasrah and dammah), and pure dammah (bu'a). He says: "And what the fa of ba'a has, the 'ayn that follows it has, in ikhtara"
The student: I'rab (grammatical analysis).
The Shaykh : Which parsing? The first hemistich? Ma: a relative pronoun meaning "which," and the waw is for resumption. Li-ba'a: a preposition and its object, considering the word ba'a. The preposition and its object are connected to an omitted word, which is the relative clause of the relative pronoun in his saying: ma. And yura: is qad a particle of realization or diminution?
The student: Diminution.
The Shaykh : Diminution, because that is the original rule when qad enters the present tense verb. And yura, I have qad tara.
The student: We have yura.
The Shaykh : Qad yura, this is the correct one. Qad yura is for the like of hubb. Yura: a present tense verb built for the passive, and the agent is hidden, referring back to ma. And his saying: li-nahw: a preposition and its object connected to yura. Nahw is a noun with a genitive, and hubb is the genitive noun. The sentence of qad yura? It is the predicate of the relative pronoun ma. Then he said: "And what the fa of ba'a has, the 'ayn that follows it has" What is this ma? It is the subject. Li-fa: a preposition and its object. Fa is a noun with a genitive, and ba'a is the genitive noun, considering the word. Li-ma: the lam is a preposition, and ma is a relative pronoun. Al-'ayn: the subject. Wa-tali: a present tense verb, the predicate of the subject, the predicate of al-'ayn. The sentence of the subject and predicate is the relative clause of the relative pronoun, I mean: the second ma. As for the first, the preposition and its object are connected to an omitted relative clause of the relative pronoun. Where is the predicate of the first subject ma? Its predicate is his saying: "what the 'ayn that follows it has" Meaning: the preposition and its object, and the preposition and its object are connected to an omitted predicate of ma. Fi-ikhtara: fi is a preposition, and ikhtara is a noun in the genitive case, considering the word, and it is connected to tali. Wa-inqada: coordinated with it. Wa-shibh: also coordinated with it. Wa-yanjali: a present tense verb, and the sentence is a description of shibh. The meaning: He says (may Allah have mercy on him): What is established for the fa of ba'a from the three forms is established for the 'ayn that follows it in ikhtara and inqada. What is the 'ayn that follows it? The 'ayn that follows it means: the one before the 'ayn. Ikhtara, convert it to the meter?
The student: If'tal.
The Shaykh : If'tal. Ikhtara: if'tal. What follows the 'ayn? What is the 'ayn that follows it? So the taw, it is permissible for the taw to have three forms. You say: ikhtira al-mata', and you say with imsham, and you say with pure dammah, meaning: ikhtur. But this is rare. And therefore, when we speak of ikhtara, we say ikhtira. Ikhtira al-mata', ikhtira al-makan, ikhtira al-zaman, ikhtira al-kitab, ikhtira al-rajul. Good, and it is permissible to say ikhtur, but in my opinion, if you speak to the common people and you say ikhtur, what will they say to you?
The student : Hmm.
The Shaykh : They will say this is a non-Arabic language because it is rare. Inqada is like it. Inqada al-jamal li-qayyidihi. Convert it to a verb built for the passive?
The student: Inqida.
The Shaykh : Inqida li-l-qayyid, or with imsham between dammah and kasrah, or with pure dammah you say: inqud li-l-qayyid. The author (may Allah have mercy on him) has finished the forms built for the passive. Then he moved on (may Allah have mercy on him), when he finished the first, he moved on: does anything other than the object act as a substitute for the agent? Because the discussion is about the object acting as a substitute for the agent, as he said at the beginning of the chapter: "An object acts as a substitute for an agent" So does anything other than the object act as a substitute?
That is: it becomes clear. "And what the fa of ba'a has" The fa of ba'a is the ba, and it has been mentioned previously that it has three forms: kasrah (bi'a), imsham (between kasrah and dammah), and pure dammah (bu'a). He says: "And what the fa of ba'a has, the 'ayn that follows it has, in ikhtara"
The student: I'rab (grammatical analysis).
The Shaykh : Which parsing? The first hemistich? Ma: a relative pronoun meaning "which," and the waw is for resumption. Li-ba'a: a preposition and its object, considering the word ba'a. The preposition and its object are connected to an omitted word, which is the relative clause of the relative pronoun in his saying: ma. And yura: is qad a particle of realization or diminution?
The student: Diminution.
The Shaykh : Diminution, because that is the original rule when qad enters the present tense verb. And yura, I have qad tara.
The student: We have yura.
The Shaykh : Qad yura, this is the correct one. Qad yura is for the like of hubb. Yura: a present tense verb built for the passive, and the agent is hidden, referring back to ma. And his saying: li-nahw: a preposition and its object connected to yura. Nahw is a noun with a genitive, and hubb is the genitive noun. The sentence of qad yura? It is the predicate of the relative pronoun ma. Then he said: "And what the fa of ba'a has, the 'ayn that follows it has" What is this ma? It is the subject. Li-fa: a preposition and its object. Fa is a noun with a genitive, and ba'a is the genitive noun, considering the word. Li-ma: the lam is a preposition, and ma is a relative pronoun. Al-'ayn: the subject. Wa-tali: a present tense verb, the predicate of the subject, the predicate of al-'ayn. The sentence of the subject and predicate is the relative clause of the relative pronoun, I mean: the second ma. As for the first, the preposition and its object are connected to an omitted relative clause of the relative pronoun. Where is the predicate of the first subject ma? Its predicate is his saying: "what the 'ayn that follows it has" Meaning: the preposition and its object, and the preposition and its object are connected to an omitted predicate of ma. Fi-ikhtara: fi is a preposition, and ikhtara is a noun in the genitive case, considering the word, and it is connected to tali. Wa-inqada: coordinated with it. Wa-shibh: also coordinated with it. Wa-yanjali: a present tense verb, and the sentence is a description of shibh. The meaning: He says (may Allah have mercy on him): What is established for the fa of ba'a from the three forms is established for the 'ayn that follows it in ikhtara and inqada. What is the 'ayn that follows it? The 'ayn that follows it means: the one before the 'ayn. Ikhtara, convert it to the meter?
The student: If'tal.
The Shaykh : If'tal. Ikhtara: if'tal. What follows the 'ayn? What is the 'ayn that follows it? So the taw, it is permissible for the taw to have three forms. You say: ikhtira al-mata', and you say with imsham, and you say with pure dammah, meaning: ikhtur. But this is rare. And therefore, when we speak of ikhtara, we say ikhtira. Ikhtira al-mata', ikhtira al-makan, ikhtira al-zaman, ikhtira al-kitab, ikhtira al-rajul. Good, and it is permissible to say ikhtur, but in my opinion, if you speak to the common people and you say ikhtur, what will they say to you?
The student : Hmm.
The Shaykh : They will say this is a non-Arabic language because it is rare. Inqada is like it. Inqada al-jamal li-qayyidihi. Convert it to a verb built for the passive?
The student: Inqida.
The Shaykh : Inqida li-l-qayyid, or with imsham between dammah and kasrah, or with pure dammah you say: inqud li-l-qayyid. The author (may Allah have mercy on him) has finished the forms built for the passive. Then he moved on (may Allah have mercy on him), when he finished the first, he moved on: does anything other than the object act as a substitute for the agent? Because the discussion is about the object acting as a substitute for the agent, as he said at the beginning of the chapter: "An object acts as a substitute for an agent" So does anything other than the object act as a substitute?