Explanation of the saying of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "The object takes the place of the subject *** in that which has a gain, a better gain."
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The Shaykh :"The object takes the place of the subject *** in that which has a gain, a better gain"
Grammatical analysis: "Yanub" (takes the place) is a present tense verb, raised in case. "Maf'ul" (object) is the subject. "An fa'il" (from the subject) is a preposition and its object in the genitive case, connected to "yanub." "Fi ma" (in that which) is a preposition and its object in the genitive case, also connected to "yanub." Here, "ma" is a relative pronoun indicating generality. "Wa lahu" (and for it) is a preposition and its object in the genitive case, connected to a deleted word, estimated to be "thabata" (it is established), meaning "in that which is established for it." And the sentence?
The student: The relative clause.
The Shaykh : The relative clause, "ka-nayl khayr na'il" (like the gain of a better gainer). The "kaf" is a preposition, and "nayl khayr na'il" is a noun in the genitive case due to the "kaf," and the sign of its genitive case is a hidden kasrah on its end, prevented from appearing by the rule of *hikayah* (quotation). The "kaf" entered this sentence because the intended meaning is the singular, as the meaning of his saying "ka-nayl khayr na'il" is "like this example." Now, his saying: "The object takes the place of the subject *** in that which has" means: in everything for which it is established, regarding the raising of the case, does it raise the subject and also raise?
The student: The substitute.
The Shaykh : The substitute for the subject, and regarding the obligation of mentioning it and the impermissibility of deleting it, because it is its substitute. Likewise, regarding the obligation of it coming after the governing verb, and likewise the obligation of making the verb feminine with it if it is a real feminine or a connected pronoun for a feminine. The important point is that all the previous rulings regarding the subject are transferred to?
The student: The substitute for the subject.
The Shaykh : To the substitute for the subject, but the verb must be changed, as the author (may Allah have mercy on him) will mention. "Nayl khayr na'il" (The gain of a better gainer). Its original form is: "Nala al-rajulu khayr na'il" (The man gained the gain of a gainer), but the subject was deleted. When the subject was deleted, the object was placed in its position, so it became "Nayl khayr na'il." Its detailed grammatical analysis: We say, "Nayl" is a past tense verb, built for the fact that its subject was not named. And we say that "built for the fact that its subject was not named" is better than saying "built for the passive voice," because it is more comprehensive, as the deletion of the subject may be due to ignorance of it, or to concealment of it, or otherwise. Therefore, the expression "for the fact that its subject was not named" is better than saying "built for the passive voice." "Nayl khayr" is the substitute for the subject, raised in case, and the sign of its raising is a dammah on its end. "Khayr" is a noun with a genitive addition, and "na'il" is the noun to which it is added.
Grammatical analysis: "Yanub" (takes the place) is a present tense verb, raised in case. "Maf'ul" (object) is the subject. "An fa'il" (from the subject) is a preposition and its object in the genitive case, connected to "yanub." "Fi ma" (in that which) is a preposition and its object in the genitive case, also connected to "yanub." Here, "ma" is a relative pronoun indicating generality. "Wa lahu" (and for it) is a preposition and its object in the genitive case, connected to a deleted word, estimated to be "thabata" (it is established), meaning "in that which is established for it." And the sentence?
The student: The relative clause.
The Shaykh : The relative clause, "ka-nayl khayr na'il" (like the gain of a better gainer). The "kaf" is a preposition, and "nayl khayr na'il" is a noun in the genitive case due to the "kaf," and the sign of its genitive case is a hidden kasrah on its end, prevented from appearing by the rule of *hikayah* (quotation). The "kaf" entered this sentence because the intended meaning is the singular, as the meaning of his saying "ka-nayl khayr na'il" is "like this example." Now, his saying: "The object takes the place of the subject *** in that which has" means: in everything for which it is established, regarding the raising of the case, does it raise the subject and also raise?
The student: The substitute.
The Shaykh : The substitute for the subject, and regarding the obligation of mentioning it and the impermissibility of deleting it, because it is its substitute. Likewise, regarding the obligation of it coming after the governing verb, and likewise the obligation of making the verb feminine with it if it is a real feminine or a connected pronoun for a feminine. The important point is that all the previous rulings regarding the subject are transferred to?
The student: The substitute for the subject.
The Shaykh : To the substitute for the subject, but the verb must be changed, as the author (may Allah have mercy on him) will mention. "Nayl khayr na'il" (The gain of a better gainer). Its original form is: "Nala al-rajulu khayr na'il" (The man gained the gain of a gainer), but the subject was deleted. When the subject was deleted, the object was placed in its position, so it became "Nayl khayr na'il." Its detailed grammatical analysis: We say, "Nayl" is a past tense verb, built for the fact that its subject was not named. And we say that "built for the fact that its subject was not named" is better than saying "built for the passive voice," because it is more comprehensive, as the deletion of the subject may be due to ignorance of it, or to concealment of it, or otherwise. Therefore, the expression "for the fact that its subject was not named" is better than saying "built for the passive voice." "Nayl khayr" is the substitute for the subject, raised in case, and the sign of its raising is a dammah on its end. "Khayr" is a noun with a genitive addition, and "na'il" is the noun to which it is added.