Continuation of the explanation of the verse: Before, like other, after, according to the first *** and below, and the directions also, and above.
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh :"And below, and the directions also"
"Below," for example, you say: I have dirhams for you below ten. Is it inflected now or not?
The student: It is inflected.
The Shaykh : Yes, it is inflected, because it is attached to a noun and the noun it is attached to is mentioned. And you say, for example: I sold this thing without, meaning: without addition. I sold this thing for ten without, meaning: without addition. And note that it is necessary to know what is omitted, meaning, I am not at liberty to either mention the noun it is attached to or omit it, because a rule was presented to us: nothing is omitted except what is known "And omitting what is known is permissible". So I cannot omit the noun it is attached to if there is nothing indicating it. But if there is something indicating it and it is omitted and its word is intended, then it is inflected without tanwin. And if its word is intended without its meaning, then it is built on dammah. And if it is omitted without estimating a word or meaning, then it is inflected. "And the directions also" The directions are six: above, below, front, back, right, and left, is that right? These directions have the same ruling as "before" and "after." If the noun it is attached to is omitted and its meaning is intended, then it is built on dammah. You say: I came to him from above. From above, is that right? Here the noun it is attached to is omitted and its meaning is intended. And Allah the Exalted said:[An-Nahl 16:50] Why did He say: Why is it not built on dammah? Because the noun it is attached to is mentioned. [Al-A'raf 7:43] Why is it inflected? Because the noun it is attached to is mentioned. And you say: The water flowed from below. Is that right? Here it is built because the noun it is attached to is omitted and its meaning is intended. And you say, for example: I came to you from the right. From the right, is that right, is it inflected or built?
The student: It is inflected.
The Shaykh : It is inflected, yes, it is inflected because the answer here cannot be estimated due to the presence of the definite article in "the right." But I came to him from the right, built on dammah in the position of genitive, because the noun it is attached to is omitted and its meaning is intended. Is that clear, everyone? Okay, this is the same for above, below, right, and left. You say: I came to Zayd from the left of his house. From the left of his house, so it is inflected because the noun it is attached to is mentioned. And you say: I came to him from the left, is that right? Built on dammah because the noun it is attached to is omitted and its meaning is intended. And you say: I came to him from the left, from the left without tanwin, as if you omitted the noun it is attached to in word and intended it in word, you intended its presence in word, so it is not genitive by tanwin. And you say, for example: I came to him from the left, this is omitting the noun it is attached to in word and meaning, yes.
"Below," for example, you say: I have dirhams for you below ten. Is it inflected now or not?
The student: It is inflected.
The Shaykh : Yes, it is inflected, because it is attached to a noun and the noun it is attached to is mentioned. And you say, for example: I sold this thing without, meaning: without addition. I sold this thing for ten without, meaning: without addition. And note that it is necessary to know what is omitted, meaning, I am not at liberty to either mention the noun it is attached to or omit it, because a rule was presented to us: nothing is omitted except what is known "And omitting what is known is permissible". So I cannot omit the noun it is attached to if there is nothing indicating it. But if there is something indicating it and it is omitted and its word is intended, then it is inflected without tanwin. And if its word is intended without its meaning, then it is built on dammah. And if it is omitted without estimating a word or meaning, then it is inflected. "And the directions also" The directions are six: above, below, front, back, right, and left, is that right? These directions have the same ruling as "before" and "after." If the noun it is attached to is omitted and its meaning is intended, then it is built on dammah. You say: I came to him from above. From above, is that right? Here the noun it is attached to is omitted and its meaning is intended. And Allah the Exalted said:
They fear their Lord above them
يَخَافُونَ رَبَّهُمْ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْFrom above them
من فوقهمflowing beneath them are rivers
تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهِمُ الأَنْهَارُfrom beneath them
من تحتهمThe student: It is inflected.
The Shaykh : It is inflected, yes, it is inflected because the answer here cannot be estimated due to the presence of the definite article in "the right." But I came to him from the right, built on dammah in the position of genitive, because the noun it is attached to is omitted and its meaning is intended. Is that clear, everyone? Okay, this is the same for above, below, right, and left. You say: I came to Zayd from the left of his house. From the left of his house, so it is inflected because the noun it is attached to is mentioned. And you say: I came to him from the left, is that right? Built on dammah because the noun it is attached to is omitted and its meaning is intended. And you say: I came to him from the left, from the left without tanwin, as if you omitted the noun it is attached to in word and intended it in word, you intended its presence in word, so it is not genitive by tanwin. And you say, for example: I came to him from the left, this is omitting the noun it is attached to in word and meaning, yes.