Chapter on the Prohibitions in Marriage: The mother, every grandmother no matter how remote, the daughter, the daughter of the son, and the daughters of both are permanently forbidden, whether from lawful or unlawful relations, no matter how remote they are.
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The Shaykh : The author said "Chapter on the Prohibitions in Marriage". These are the women whom Allah and His Messenger have forbidden. It is known that making things lawful or forbidden belongs to Allah and His Messenger, and that no one has the authority to make something lawful or forbidden; rather, the One who makes things lawful and the One who forbids them is Allah and His Messenger. The original state is that things are not forbidden, based on the saying of Allah the Exalted when He mentioned the forbidden women: [An-Nisa 4:24] And in another reading: [An-Nisa 4:24] So the original state is that things are not forbidden. If we are in doubt about a woman's breastfeeding—whether she breastfed five times or fewer—we say the original state is what? That it is not forbidden, until it becomes clear. Know that the forbidden women are of four types: those forbidden by lineage, those forbidden by breastfeeding, those forbidden by affinity, and those forbidden by mutual oath-swearing. These four types are all permanently forbidden, meaning forever. The women forbidden by lineage, we count them as Allah counted them: [An-Nisa 4:23] By "your mothers" is meant the mother, and any grandmother, whether she is the mother of your father or the mother of your mother.
The second is "your daughters." By "daughters" is meant the female offspring of your children, the children of your children, and the children of the children of your children, no matter how remote. And "your sisters," which includes the full sister, the sister on the father's side, and the sister on the mother's side. And "your paternal aunts," which includes the full paternal aunt, the paternal aunt on the father's side, and the paternal aunt on the mother's side; the paternal aunt is the sister of the father. And "your maternal aunts," which includes the full maternal aunt, the maternal aunt on the father's side, and the maternal aunt on the mother's side; the maternal aunts are the sisters of the mother. Now, and "the daughters of the brother," which includes the daughters of the brother whether from the father, the mother, or a full brother. And "the daughters of the sister," which includes the full sister, the sister on the father's side, and the sister on the mother's side. If you examine these seven groups, you will find that they are confined to the following: First, it is forbidden for a person to marry all the female ancestors. The ancestors are whom? The mothers, grandmothers, grandmothers of grandmothers, and grandmothers of grandmothers, without limit. And it is forbidden for him to marry the female descendants. By "descendants" here is meant everyone who descends... whether from the sons or from the daughters. So, the ancestors absolutely, the female ancestors absolutely, and the female descendants absolutely.
The third is the descendants of his father, no matter how remote. The female descendants of the father, no matter how remote. Who are the female descendants of the father?
The questioner : The sisters.
The Shaykh : The sisters, no matter how remote, so the daughters of the sisters, the daughters of the daughters of the sisters, the daughters of the brothers, and the daughters of the daughters of the brothers. All of these are forbidden. So, the nearest female descendants of the father, and the nearest female descendants of the father, no matter how... no matter how remote. Now.
The fourth is the descendants of the father's father, not no matter how remote. Who are the descendants of the father's father? The paternal aunt and the maternal aunt, not no matter how remote. For this reason, it is permissible for a person to marry the daughter of his paternal aunt, the daughter of his paternal uncle, the daughter of his maternal aunt, and the daughter of his maternal uncle. So how many categories are there? Four: the female descendants, no matter how remote; the female ancestors, no matter how remote; the female descendants of the nearest ancestor, no matter how remote; and the female descendants of the more remote ancestor, not no matter how remote. These are forbidden by what? By lineage. And the evidence is the saying of Allah the Exalted:[An-Nisa 4:23] "Your mothers," what is meant by them?
The questioner : The mother and the grandmother.
The Shaykh : The mother and the grandmother, no matter how remote, meaning the female ancestors. "Daughters" means the female descendants, no matter how remote. "Sisters" are the nearest descendants of the father. The descendants of their descendants are taken from His saying:[An-Nisa 4:23] "Paternal aunts and maternal aunts" are the descendants of the father's father. And He did not say "and the daughters of the paternal aunts and the daughters of the maternal aunts" because we say the descendants of the father's father, not no matter how remote. So these are four categories forbidden by what? By lineage. We return to the words of the author, he says: "The mother, every grandmother no matter how remote, are permanently forbidden". This points to what?
The questioner : The ancestors.
The Shaykh : To the ancestors. Now, "and the daughter, the daughter of the son, and the daughters of both, whether from lawful or unlawful relations, no matter how remote". What is this?
The questioner : The descendants.
The Shaykh : To the descendants. But his saying "whether from lawful or unlawful relations": the daughter from lawful relations is the one who was created from the semen of the husband, or from the semen of the master, or from a doubtful matter. This is from lawful relations. And from unlawful relations is the daughter who was created from zina. The daughter created from zina is forbidden to the man who committed zina because she was created from his semen. If the breastfeeding of a woman has an effect in making marriage forbidden, then her being created from his semen is even more so. As for what some people have held, that the daughter of zina is lawful, that is a denounced opinion. And he said that only because this daughter is not attributed to him and does not inherit from him, so she does not fall under His saying: And the correct view is that she is forbidden because she was created from whom?
The questioner : From his semen.
The Shaykh : From his semen. Now.
And lawful to you are [all others] beyond these
وأُحِلّ لكم ما وراء ذلكمAnd lawful to you are [all others] beyond these
وأَحَلّ لكم ما وراء ذلكمProhibited to you [for marriage] are your mothers
حُرِّمت عليكم أمهاتكمThe second is "your daughters." By "daughters" is meant the female offspring of your children, the children of your children, and the children of the children of your children, no matter how remote. And "your sisters," which includes the full sister, the sister on the father's side, and the sister on the mother's side. And "your paternal aunts," which includes the full paternal aunt, the paternal aunt on the father's side, and the paternal aunt on the mother's side; the paternal aunt is the sister of the father. And "your maternal aunts," which includes the full maternal aunt, the maternal aunt on the father's side, and the maternal aunt on the mother's side; the maternal aunts are the sisters of the mother. Now, and "the daughters of the brother," which includes the daughters of the brother whether from the father, the mother, or a full brother. And "the daughters of the sister," which includes the full sister, the sister on the father's side, and the sister on the mother's side. If you examine these seven groups, you will find that they are confined to the following: First, it is forbidden for a person to marry all the female ancestors. The ancestors are whom? The mothers, grandmothers, grandmothers of grandmothers, and grandmothers of grandmothers, without limit. And it is forbidden for him to marry the female descendants. By "descendants" here is meant everyone who descends... whether from the sons or from the daughters. So, the ancestors absolutely, the female ancestors absolutely, and the female descendants absolutely.
The third is the descendants of his father, no matter how remote. The female descendants of the father, no matter how remote. Who are the female descendants of the father?
The questioner : The sisters.
The Shaykh : The sisters, no matter how remote, so the daughters of the sisters, the daughters of the daughters of the sisters, the daughters of the brothers, and the daughters of the daughters of the brothers. All of these are forbidden. So, the nearest female descendants of the father, and the nearest female descendants of the father, no matter how... no matter how remote. Now.
The fourth is the descendants of the father's father, not no matter how remote. Who are the descendants of the father's father? The paternal aunt and the maternal aunt, not no matter how remote. For this reason, it is permissible for a person to marry the daughter of his paternal aunt, the daughter of his paternal uncle, the daughter of his maternal aunt, and the daughter of his maternal uncle. So how many categories are there? Four: the female descendants, no matter how remote; the female ancestors, no matter how remote; the female descendants of the nearest ancestor, no matter how remote; and the female descendants of the more remote ancestor, not no matter how remote. These are forbidden by what? By lineage. And the evidence is the saying of Allah the Exalted:
Prohibited to you [for marriage] are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your father's sisters, your mother's sisters, your brother's daughters, your sister's daughters
حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهاتُكُمْ وَبَناتُكُمْ وَأَخَواتُكُمْ وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخالاتُكُمْ وَبَناتُ الْأَخِ وَبَناتُ الْأُخْتِThe questioner : The mother and the grandmother.
The Shaykh : The mother and the grandmother, no matter how remote, meaning the female ancestors. "Daughters" means the female descendants, no matter how remote. "Sisters" are the nearest descendants of the father. The descendants of their descendants are taken from His saying:
your brother's daughters, your sister's daughters
وبنات الأخ وبنات الأختThe questioner : The ancestors.
The Shaykh : To the ancestors. Now, "and the daughter, the daughter of the son, and the daughters of both, whether from lawful or unlawful relations, no matter how remote". What is this?
The questioner : The descendants.
The Shaykh : To the descendants. But his saying "whether from lawful or unlawful relations": the daughter from lawful relations is the one who was created from the semen of the husband, or from the semen of the master, or from a doubtful matter. This is from lawful relations. And from unlawful relations is the daughter who was created from zina. The daughter created from zina is forbidden to the man who committed zina because she was created from his semen. If the breastfeeding of a woman has an effect in making marriage forbidden, then her being created from his semen is even more so. As for what some people have held, that the daughter of zina is lawful, that is a denounced opinion. And he said that only because this daughter is not attributed to him and does not inherit from him, so she does not fall under His saying:
Your daughters
بناتكمThe questioner : From his semen.
The Shaykh : From his semen. Now.