Explanation of the words of Imam al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) regarding what he quoted: "
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The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful:
The author said -may Allah have mercy on him-: " The Chapter on Intercession ":
Intercession: " is mediating for another to bring about a benefit or to ward off a harm ".
An example of the first: that you mediate for a person with another so that he helps him in one of his matters.
And an example of the second: that you intercede for a person with another so that he forgives him and pardons his injustice, so that the harm is averted from him.
And an example of this in the days of the Hereafter is that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) will intercede for the people of the standing place so that judgment is passed between them, when they are struck by distress and sorrow that they cannot bear, so this is intercession in warding off a harm.
And an example of it in bringing about a benefit:.
And what is meant by intercession in the author's words is: intercession in this world, that a person intercedes for someone with another, mediating for him to bring about a benefit for him or to ward off a harm from him.
And intercession has categories:
The first category: intercession that is forbidden and not permissible, and that is interceding for a person upon whom a hadd has become obligatory after it has reached the Imam, so this intercession is forbidden and not permissible, meaning a man upon whom a hadd has become obligatory, such as cutting for theft, for example, like cutting his hand for theft, so when it reached the Imam or the Imam's deputy, a person wanted to intercede for this thief so that his hand would not be cut, so this is haram. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) rejected it with great rejection, and that was when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) ordered that the hand of the woman from the tribe of Makhzum be cut, a woman from the Banu Makhzum from the nobles of the Arab tribes, who used to borrow something and then deny it, she would borrow it to benefit from it, and then when its owner came and said: Give me what you borrowed from me, she would say: I did not borrow anything from you, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that her hand be cut, so Quraysh became concerned about it, they said: A woman from Banu Makhzum, her hand is to be cut? This is a great disgrace, who will intercede for us to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)? So they saw that the closest person for that was Usamah ibn Zayd ibn Harithah, and Usamah ibn Zayd is the son of the freed slave of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), because Zayd ibn Harithah was a slave that Khadijah gifted to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), then he freed him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) loved him, and he loved his son Usamah, so Usamah went to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to intercede for this woman so that her hand would not be cut, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sunan Abi Dawud 4373Sahih (Al-Albani) He said that as a rejection of him, Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1463Sahih (Darussalam), then he stood up and addressed the people and said: Sahih Muslim 1688a: meaning she is not like this woman, the woman from Makhzum is lower than Fatimah in honor and lineage, so he said: Sunan an-Nasa'i 4899Sahih (Darussalam),
And he (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Al-Mustadrak lil-Hakim 20:95.
And he (peace and blessings be upon him) said:.
, look at what he stole? He stole a cloak, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that his hand be cut, .
Meaning, if you had pardoned him before he was brought to me, we would not have said to you: go away, but when the hadd reaches the ruler, it must be executed, and intercession in it is forbidden.
The second: that one intercedes in something forbidden, such as interceding for a person who is encroaching upon his brother, meaning: I know, for example, that this man wants to propose to a woman who has already been proposed to, and it is not permissible for anyone to propose to the woman who has already been proposed to, so a second man went to a person and said: O so-and-so, I would like you to intercede for me with the father of this woman to marry me to her, and he knows that she has already been proposed to, so here it is not permissible for him to intercede, because this is intercession in something forbidden.
And intercession in something forbidden is cooperation in sin and transgression, and Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Ma'idah 5:2].
And from that also is that a man comes to a person and says: O so-and-so, I want to buy tobacco from so-and-so, and he has priced it at such-and-such, and he refused to sell it to me except for such-and-such, which is more than what he priced it at, so I ask you to intercede for me with him so that he sells it to me at this cheap price, so here intercession is not permissible, because this is assistance in sin and transgression.
The third category: intercession in something permissible, intercession in something permissible, so this is not a problem, and the person will have a reward in it, such as a person comes to another and offers a price for a house and says to him: this price is low, so the offerer goes to a third person and says: O so-and-so, intercede for me with the owner of the house so that he sells it to me, so he goes and intercedes for him, so this is permissible, permissible, and in fact he is rewarded for it, for this reason:, or: , so here he (peace and blessings be upon him) orders his companions to intercede for the person in need.
And similarly, if a right of yours is due from a person, and you see that if you waive it, he will be arrogant toward you in the future, and violate your sanctity as he violated it the first time, so here there is no harm in saying, for example, to some people: Intercede for him with me, so that you appear strong and do not be cowardly before him, and the intended result is achieved.
So the important thing is that intercession in other than the forbidden matter is from doing good to others,[An-Nisa 4:85], and Allah is the One who grants success.
The author said -may Allah have mercy on him-: " The Chapter on Intercession ":
Intercession: " is mediating for another to bring about a benefit or to ward off a harm ".
An example of the first: that you mediate for a person with another so that he helps him in one of his matters.
And an example of the second: that you intercede for a person with another so that he forgives him and pardons his injustice, so that the harm is averted from him.
And an example of this in the days of the Hereafter is that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) will intercede for the people of the standing place so that judgment is passed between them, when they are struck by distress and sorrow that they cannot bear, so this is intercession in warding off a harm.
And an example of it in bringing about a benefit:
That the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) will intercede for the people of Paradise to enter Paradise
أنَّ النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يشفع في أهل الجنة أن يدخلوا الجنةAnd what is meant by intercession in the author's words is: intercession in this world, that a person intercedes for someone with another, mediating for him to bring about a benefit for him or to ward off a harm from him.
And intercession has categories:
The first category: intercession that is forbidden and not permissible, and that is interceding for a person upon whom a hadd has become obligatory after it has reached the Imam, so this intercession is forbidden and not permissible, meaning a man upon whom a hadd has become obligatory, such as cutting for theft, for example, like cutting his hand for theft, so when it reached the Imam or the Imam's deputy, a person wanted to intercede for this thief so that his hand would not be cut, so this is haram. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) rejected it with great rejection, and that was when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) ordered that the hand of the woman from the tribe of Makhzum be cut, a woman from the Banu Makhzum from the nobles of the Arab tribes, who used to borrow something and then deny it, she would borrow it to benefit from it, and then when its owner came and said: Give me what you borrowed from me, she would say: I did not borrow anything from you, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that her hand be cut, so Quraysh became concerned about it, they said: A woman from Banu Makhzum, her hand is to be cut? This is a great disgrace, who will intercede for us to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)? So they saw that the closest person for that was Usamah ibn Zayd ibn Harithah, and Usamah ibn Zayd is the son of the freed slave of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), because Zayd ibn Harithah was a slave that Khadijah gifted to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), then he freed him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) loved him, and he loved his son Usamah, so Usamah went to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to intercede for this woman so that her hand would not be cut, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
Are you interceding regarding one of the punishments prescribed by Allah ?
أَتشفعُ في حدٍّ من حدود الله؟a legal punishment among Allah's punishments
أشفع في حد من حدود اللهO people, those who have gone before you were destroyed, because if any one of high rank committed theft amongst them, they spared him; and it anyone of low rank committed theft, they inflicted the prescribed punishment upon him. By Allah, if Fatima, daughter of Muhammad, were to steal, I would have her hand cut off.
أيها الناس، إنما أهلك من كان قبلكم، أنهم كانوا إذا سرق فيهم الشريف تركوه، وإذا سرق فيهم الضعيف أقاموا عليه الحد، وايم الله -يعني أقسم بالله- لو أن فاطمة بنت محمد سرقت، لقطعت يدهاif Fatimah the daughter of Muhammad were to steal, I would cut off her hnad.
لو أن فاطمة بنت محمد سرقت لقطعت يدهاAnd he (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
Whoever intercedes in a hadd from the hadd of Allah has opposed Allah in His command
مَن حالت شفاعته دون حدٍ من حدود الله فقد ضادِّ الله في أمرهAnd he (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
When the limits [of punishment] reach the ruler, may Allah curse the intercessor and the one for whom intercession is made.
إذا بلغت الحدود السلطان فلعن الله الشافع والمشفع لهAnd when the cloak of Safwan ibn Umayyah was stolen, and he had been using it as a pillow in the mosque, a man came and stole it, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that the thief's hand be cut off.
ولما سُرق رداء صفوان بن أمية وكان قد توسده في المسجد، فجاء رجل فسرقه، فأمر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أن تقطع يد السارقHe said: "O Messenger of Allah, I do not want my cloak," meaning that he had mercy on this thief, and said, "Do not cut it off; my cloak is for him." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "Why did you not do that before you brought him to me?"
فقال: يا رسول الله أنا لا أريد ردائي، يعني أنه رحم هذا السارق ، وقال لا تقطعونه ردائي له ، فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم : هلاّ كان ذلك قبل أن تأتيني بهMeaning, if you had pardoned him before he was brought to me, we would not have said to you: go away, but when the hadd reaches the ruler, it must be executed, and intercession in it is forbidden.
The second: that one intercedes in something forbidden, such as interceding for a person who is encroaching upon his brother, meaning: I know, for example, that this man wants to propose to a woman who has already been proposed to, and it is not permissible for anyone to propose to the woman who has already been proposed to, so a second man went to a person and said: O so-and-so, I would like you to intercede for me with the father of this woman to marry me to her, and he knows that she has already been proposed to, so here it is not permissible for him to intercede, because this is intercession in something forbidden.
And intercession in something forbidden is cooperation in sin and transgression, and Allah the Exalted said:
And cooperate in righteousness and piety, but do not cooperate in sin and aggression.
وَتَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى وَلا تَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الإثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِAnd from that also is that a man comes to a person and says: O so-and-so, I want to buy tobacco from so-and-so, and he has priced it at such-and-such, and he refused to sell it to me except for such-and-such, which is more than what he priced it at, so I ask you to intercede for me with him so that he sells it to me at this cheap price, so here intercession is not permissible, because this is assistance in sin and transgression.
The third category: intercession in something permissible, intercession in something permissible, so this is not a problem, and the person will have a reward in it, such as a person comes to another and offers a price for a house and says to him: this price is low, so the offerer goes to a third person and says: O so-and-so, intercede for me with the owner of the house so that he sells it to me, so he goes and intercedes for him, so this is permissible, permissible, and in fact he is rewarded for it, for this reason:
When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was approached by someone with a need, he would turn to his companions and say: "Intercede, and you will be rewarded, and Allah will fulfill [the need] through the tongue of His Prophet as He wills."
كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا أتاه صاحب حاجة يلتفت إلى أصحابه ويقول : اشفعوا تؤجروا ويقضي الله على لسان نبيه ما شاءI do not like
ما أحبAnd similarly, if a right of yours is due from a person, and you see that if you waive it, he will be arrogant toward you in the future, and violate your sanctity as he violated it the first time, so here there is no harm in saying, for example, to some people: Intercede for him with me, so that you appear strong and do not be cowardly before him, and the intended result is achieved.
So the important thing is that intercession in other than the forbidden matter is from doing good to others,