Explanation of the Book of Marriage-11
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : And this is indicated by the statement: "From Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Bulugh al-Maram 8:56 Abu Dawud and al-Nasa'i narrated it, and the wording is his, and its narrators are trustworthy, but it is defective due to being mursal".
Cursed, how do you parse "cursed"?
The student: A predicate.
The Shaykh : It is a fronted predicate, and that is because if the fronted word is a description, it becomes a predicate if it agrees in singularity and does not rely on negation or the like. This is a rule in grammar. If it comes first, yes, if the fronted word is a description that agrees with what follows it in singularity and does not rely on a question or the like, then it is a predicate, such as: "Cursed is the one who approaches." This fits this criterion. And like if you say: "Standing is Zayd," how do you parse "standing"?
The student: Fronted predicate.
The Shaykh : It is a fronted predicate, and Zayd is a delayed subject. However, if it relies on a question or the like, then it is a subject and what follows it is the actor, such as if you say: "Is Zayd standing?" Then "standing" is the subject and Zayd is the actor, which suffices for the predicate. Yes, and it is permissible to parse it as a subject and predicate as mentioned first. However, if this description and what follows it are different, such as the description being singular and what follows it being dual or plural, then it is necessary that the description be a subject and what follows it be the actor, filling the place of the predicate. Such as if you say: "Standing are the two Zayds." Here we say: "Standing" is the subject and "the two Zayds" is the actor. And you cannot say: "Standing is a fronted predicate." Why? Because it is required that the predicate agrees with the subject in duality and plurality, and here there is no agreement. "Standing are the two Zayds" is a clear rule. And there is no harm in us taking something in grammar, reminding those who are knowledgeable and teaching those who are ignorant.
So then, "cursed" is a fronted predicate, and "the one who approaches": "who" is a delayed subject. And cursing is expulsion and distancing from the mercy of Allah. It is expulsion and distancing from the mercy of Allah. And the first one cursed, as far as we know, who is it?
The student: Iblis.
The Shaykh : Iblis, where Allah the Exalted said:[Sad 38:78] [Al-Hijr 15:35] My curse means Himself, Mighty and Majestic. The curse, either we say: the lam is for generality, meaning: the curse is from me and from others, or that the curse is from me and the al here is for mental reference.
And "a woman" here is indefinite in the context of what?
The student: In the context of a condition.
The Shaykh: In the context of affirmation, and there is no condition in it, so it is absolute. It is not general from the perspective of absoluteness, and it is not from the perspective of generality, because an indefinite word does not become general unless it is after a negation or the like. And his saying: The meaning is: his wife or what his right possesses. And that is because the Shari'ah does not base a ruling on the forbidden. Meaning, no one should say: that the meaning of "the one who approaches a woman" is from a wife or a slave or a stranger. No, because the one who approaches a stranger woman is an adulterer, and adultery, may Allah protect us, is among the major sins upon which there is consensus.
And his saying: The rear is known.
He who has intercourse with a woman through her anus is accursed.
ملعون من أتى امرأة في دبرهاCursed, how do you parse "cursed"?
The student: A predicate.
The Shaykh : It is a fronted predicate, and that is because if the fronted word is a description, it becomes a predicate if it agrees in singularity and does not rely on negation or the like. This is a rule in grammar. If it comes first, yes, if the fronted word is a description that agrees with what follows it in singularity and does not rely on a question or the like, then it is a predicate, such as: "Cursed is the one who approaches." This fits this criterion. And like if you say: "Standing is Zayd," how do you parse "standing"?
The student: Fronted predicate.
The Shaykh : It is a fronted predicate, and Zayd is a delayed subject. However, if it relies on a question or the like, then it is a subject and what follows it is the actor, such as if you say: "Is Zayd standing?" Then "standing" is the subject and Zayd is the actor, which suffices for the predicate. Yes, and it is permissible to parse it as a subject and predicate as mentioned first. However, if this description and what follows it are different, such as the description being singular and what follows it being dual or plural, then it is necessary that the description be a subject and what follows it be the actor, filling the place of the predicate. Such as if you say: "Standing are the two Zayds." Here we say: "Standing" is the subject and "the two Zayds" is the actor. And you cannot say: "Standing is a fronted predicate." Why? Because it is required that the predicate agrees with the subject in duality and plurality, and here there is no agreement. "Standing are the two Zayds" is a clear rule. And there is no harm in us taking something in grammar, reminding those who are knowledgeable and teaching those who are ignorant.
So then, "cursed" is a fronted predicate, and "the one who approaches": "who" is a delayed subject. And cursing is expulsion and distancing from the mercy of Allah. It is expulsion and distancing from the mercy of Allah. And the first one cursed, as far as we know, who is it?
The student: Iblis.
The Shaykh : Iblis, where Allah the Exalted said:
And indeed, upon you is My curse
وإن عليك لعنتيAnd indeed, upon you is the curse
وإن عليك اللعنةCursed is the one who approaches a woman in her rear
ملعون من أتى وامرأة ف دبرهاThe student: In the context of a condition.
The Shaykh: In the context of affirmation, and there is no condition in it, so it is absolute. It is not general from the perspective of absoluteness, and it is not from the perspective of generality, because an indefinite word does not become general unless it is after a negation or the like. And his saying:
woman
امرأةAnd his saying: