Discussion on the Obstacles to Declension: "The Form of the Ultimate Plural, the Measure of the Verb, 'Adl (deviation from the original), and Femininity"
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : We mentioned three of the obstacles to declension.
The student: Four.
The Shaykh : Four, okay, four, and they are:
The student: The form of the ultimate plural, the measure of the verb, what is on the measure of the verb, what is 'adl (deviated from the original), and what is feminine.
The Shaykh : Perfect, okay. Is the form of the ultimate plural one cause that serves the function of two causes? Yes, meaning, so when we find this form... that it is a name that is not declined. Okay, what is the form of the ultimate plural?
The student: The form of the ultimate plural.
The Shaykh : Yes. Ah, yes.
The student: Mafa'il...
The Shaykh : What is on the measure of Mafa'il or Mafa'il with these letters or with any letter? With any letter, okay. So, Fawa'il and Fawa'il are from this category? Okay, an example of what is on the measure of Mafa'il. Come on, al-Bukhari.
The student: Mafa'il.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The Shaykh : Adam.
The student: *Mifā'īl*.
The Shaykh : Yes, a name on the measure of Mafa'il.
The student: Masajid.
The Shaykh : Ah.
The student: Masajid.
The Shaykh : Masajid. Do you say Masajid or Masajid?
The student: Masajid.
The Shaykh : No, no, yes.
The student: Masabih.
The Shaykh : Masabih. Cite something from the Qur'an for that.
The student:[Al-Mulk 67:5].
The Shaykh : But parse it, brother. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : With Masabih.
The student: I.
The Shaykh : Yes, I do.
The student: With Masabih, a noun in the genitive case marked by fathah instead of kasrah because it is prohibited from declension.
The Shaykh : And the obstacle to declension.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : I say, and the obstacle to declension, what is the obstacle?
The student: The form of the ultimate plural.
The Shaykh : The form of the ultimate plural, correct? Okay, do we say it is a proper noun or not? It does not need to be a proper noun or an adjective. Okay, what is on the measure of Masajid.
The student: The word of Allah, Glorified and Exalted:[Al-Hajj 22:40].
The Shaykh : And Masajid, like this, or Masajid?
The student: And Masajid.
The Shaykh : Without tanween. Okay, put it in a useful sentence in the genitive case.
The student: I passed by Masajid.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: I passed by many Masajid.
The Shaykh : I passed by many Masajid, parse it.
The student: I passed by, verb and subject.
The Shaykh : No, with Masajid.
The student: The ba is a preposition, Masajid is a noun in the genitive case by the ba, and its sign of genitive is the fathah instead of the kasrah because it is a name that is not declined, and the obstacle for it.
The Shaykh : From declension, the obstacle to declension, what is it? The form of the ultimate plural. Okay, his saying: "measure", what is meant by it?
The student: The measure of the verb.
The Shaykh : The measure of the verb, what is required with the measure of the verb?
The student: Being a proper noun.
The Shaykh : Or.
The student: Or being an adjective.
The Shaykh : Or being an adjective. An example with being a proper noun, ah.
The student: Muhammad
The Shaykh : No, Muhammad is not on the measure of the verb. Yes, Nasr.
The student: Ahmad and Yazid.
The Shaykh : Ahmad and Yazid, Ahmad and Yazid. Okay, put it in a useful sentence. Yes.
The student: I passed by Yazid.
The Shaykh : I passed by Yazid, parse it.
The student: I passed by, verb and subject, by Yazid, a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : How?
The student: I passed by Yazid. I passed by, verb and subject, Yazid, a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : Incorrect.
The student: Yazid, the object of the verb I passed by.
The Shaykh : Incorrect.
The student: In the genitive case by fathah instead of kasrah.
The Shaykh : Incorrect.
The student: The ba is a preposition.
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: The ba is a preposition.
The Shaykh : No, the last one.
The student: The ba is a preposition, Yazid is a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : Okay, complete it. A noun in the genitive case by what? A noun in the genitive case by what? And what made it genitive? The ba, and its sign of genitive is.
The student: Its sign of genitive is the fathah.
The Shaykh : Yes, continue.
The student: The kasrah.
The Shaykh : Yes, because it is a dependent noun, because it is a name, there is no power or strength. Okay, dependent, I told you dependent.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : I say, you cannot follow me now because it is a name that is not declined, and the obstacle for it from declension is being a proper noun and the measure of the verb. Okay, does the measure of the verb have to be a proper noun only, or can it come as something other than a proper noun? The brother, the one who noticed, the one who noticed, yes. Is the measure of the verb only a proper noun, or can it be a proper noun and an adjective?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : It can be a proper noun and an adjective. The adjective passed by us, like.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : How? Yes.
The student: Better.
The Shaykh : Better. Put it in a useful sentence.
The student: ... from Ali.
The Shaykh : Muhammad is better than Ali. No, we want it in the genitive case.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No, we want it in the genitive case. This is not in the genitive case. Do you have nothing? Well, okay, yes.
The student: I passed by a man better than Zayd.
The Shaykh : I passed by a man better than Zayd. Okay, and is it valid to say I passed by better than Zayd?
The student: It is not permissible.
The Shaykh : It is not valid to say I passed by better than Zayd.
The student: I passed by.
The Shaykh : By better than Zayd.
The student: No, it is not valid.
The Shaykh : It is not valid.
The student: I passed by.
The Shaykh : By better than Zayd. Is it valid? Parse it.
The student: I passed by, with better, preposition and noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : a section.
The student: The ba is a preposition.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And better, a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : Continue. A noun in the genitive case by what?
The student: With a kasrah.
The Shaykh : And what made it genitive? What is its operator?
The student: The ba.
The Shaykh : The ba, and its sign of genitive is.
The student: The kasrah instead of the fathah.
The Shaykh : How is it kasrah instead of fathah? You say by better, where did you go, Shaykh? Okay.
The student: In the genitive case by fathah instead of kasrah.
The Shaykh : How is it broken with fathah? No one has ever said this. Okay, complete it.
The student: From Zayd, from is a preposition.
The Shaykh : No, no, better.
The student: Better.
The Shaykh : Complete its parsing, yes.
The student: I passed by better than Zayd.
The Shaykh : Fine.
The student: A noun in the genitive case by the ba, and its sign of genitive is the fathah instead of the kasrah.
The Shaykh : Because it is.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : It is every adjective that is prohibited from declension.
The student: Because it is prohibited from declension.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: The obstacle for it is being an adjective.
The Shaykh : And what else?
The student: Being an adjective and the measure of the verb.
The Shaykh : And the measure of the verb. So, the measure of the verb must be what? A proper noun or an adjective. It must be a proper noun or an adjective. Okay, 'Adl, yes, 'Adil, and what...?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Okay, 'Adl is deviation from the original, and it must be a proper noun or it must be an adjective.
The student: Both.
The Shaykh : For example.
The student: A proper noun, like 'Umar, because it was deviated from 'Amir.
The Shaykh : Okay, an adjective.
The student: A dual.
The Shaykh : Muthna, deviated from what? Two, two. Perfect. Parse it. Put 'Umar in a useful sentence and parse it.
The student: I passed by 'Umar.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: I passed by, verb and subject, by 'Umar, the ba is a preposition, and 'Umar is in the genitive case by the ba, and its sign of genitive is the fathah instead of the kasrah because it is prohibited from declension, and the decliner for it is 'Adl, being a proper noun, and 'Adl.
The Shaykh : Being a proper noun and 'Adl. Okay, 'Isa, put it as an adjective.
The student: The description.
The Shaykh : No, 'Adl. He came with Muthna. The brother gave an example, and it is Muthna.
The student: He came with 'Umar.
The Shaykh : He came with 'Umar, this is the proper noun, and he came with the adjective, Muthna, Muthna.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Okay, parse Muthna.
The student: Muthna, a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : Muthna is a substitute for wings, and the substitute for the genitive is genitive, and its sign of genitive is.
The student: The fathah instead of the kasrah.
The Shaykh : The fathah estimated on the alif instead of.
The student: The kasrah.
The Shaykh : Because it is.
The student: A declined noun.
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: A name that is not declined.
The Shaykh : Because what?
The student: A name that is not declined.
The Shaykh : A name that is not declined, and the obstacle for it from declension is.
The student: Being an adjective and.
The Shaykh : Being an adjective.
The student: And 'Adl.
The Shaykh : And 'Adl. Perfect. Okay, "feminine". A sign, Ahmad Basam, a sign.
The student: A sign.
The Shaykh : Yes, exactly.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : ... A sign.
The student: A sign.
The Shaykh : Yes, I want you to parse.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No, parse "sign".
The student: I did not understand the question.
The Shaykh : Where are you? Feminize "sign" to what?
The student: A sign to the feminine noun.
The Shaykh : Okay, how many categories does it have?
The student: Its categories are three.
The Shaykh : Three, what are they?
The student: No, its categories are first...
The Shaykh : Fine.
The student: The linguistic feminine, then the semantic. The linguistic and the semantic make four.
The Shaykh : Okay, the feminine with alif, the feminine with alif, how many forms does it have?
The student: One form.
The Shaykh : One. Is that not good? Yes.
The student: Two forms.
The Shaykh : Two forms, yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Well done. The closed alif and the elongated alif. An example of the closed one.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : An example of the elongated one.
The student: Himary.
The Shaykh : Himary. Okay, is it required for the feminine with alif to be a proper noun?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Or an adjective.
The student: It is not required.
The Shaykh : So, one cause is sufficient. When we find a name with a closed alif, it is not declined, or if it has an elongated alif, it is not declined. Okay, what do you say about Asma? Asma.
The student: Asma, a name.
The Shaykh : But this is prohibited from declension.
The student: Prohibited.
The Shaykh : Prohibited from declension. Yes, if you say yes, we say it is incorrect.
The student: And if you say no.
The Shaykh : Then likewise.
The student: There is a distinction.
The Shaykh : There is a detail. Yes.
The student: If it is a feminine proper noun, it is prohibited from declension.
The Shaykh : Okay.
The student: And if it is not a feminine proper noun, it is not prohibited.
The Shaykh : By being a plural of a name, then it is.
The student: Not prohibited from declension.
The Shaykh : Yes, correct, is this right? Allah the Exalted said:[An-Najm 53:23], like this? Okay, this detail is correct. The closed alif of femininity, brother, or did you not attend?
The student: I do not understand.
The Shaykh : Yes, you do not understand. Okay, the closed alif of femininity, 'Abdullah.
The student: Layla.
The Shaykh : Okay, put it in a useful sentence.
The student: Layla went.
The Shaykh : Layla went. No, I want it to be in the genitive case. Better.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : ... It is not on Layla.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : You are not from the people of grammar. You are not from the people of grammar.
The student: I.
The Shaykh : Yes, I do.
The student: We try, Shaykh.
The Shaykh : What is the benefit? Come on, Khalid.
The student: I passed by Layla.
The Shaykh : I passed by Layla. Parse "Layla."
The student: Layla.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : It has a presumed fatha on its final letter in place of the kasrah, because it is prevented from declension, and the cause of the prevention is the alif of femininity. What is it? The closed alif. Good. What do you say about the feminine without the alif?
The student: It has both lexical and semantic femininity.
The Shaykh : Well done. Lexical only and semantic only.
The student: Lexical and semantic.
The Shaykh : Good. Give me an example of lexical and semantic.
The student: Lexical and semantic, for example, if we assume...
The Shaykh : If we assume...
The student: For example, Aisha.
The Shaykh : Fine, Aisha. But stop here. Give me Aisha in a meaningful sentence.
The student: A slave boy of Aisha came to me.
The Shaykh : Came to me.
The student: A slave boy of Aisha.
The Shaykh : Aisha.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Good. Is it in the genitive case now? Is it in the genitive case?
The student: No, it is not in the genitive case, because... because the fatha...
The Shaykh : No, no. Is it in the genitive case or not?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What do you say, everyone? Is it correct? Yes, it is in the genitive case by addition. Good. Parse it.
The student: "Came" is a verb. "Came" is a verb, and the yaa...
The Shaykh : Wait. "Came" is a verb. A verb of what?
The student: A past tense verb, and the yaa is the object.
The Shaykh : Where is the yaa?
The student: Came to me.
The Shaykh : Ah. Before the yaa, there is something. What is before it?
The student: The protective noon.
The Shaykh : Well done. The noon is for protection, and the yaa is the object.
The student: "Slave boy" is a noun in the genitive case, and "Aisha" is the noun it is added to, in the accusative case, and in the genitive case by substitution.
The Shaykh : By what is it in the genitive case?
The student: It is in the genitive case by the fatha in place of the genitive case.
The Shaykh : About what?
The student: In place of the genitive case.
The Shaykh : No.
The student: In place of the kasrah.
The Shaykh : In place of the *kasrah*.
The student: In place of the kasrah because it is not declinable.
The Shaykh : What is the cause of the prevention from declension?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, it is in this.
The student: Being a proper name and femininity.
The Shaykh : Being a proper name and femininity. Well done.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, it is not necessary. Good. Ah.
The student: The subject.
The Shaykh : What is the subject?
The student: The subject of "came."
The Shaykh : ...
The student: I did not say.
The Shaykh : I did not say the subject. The subject of "came."
The student: I said.
The Shaykh : Yes. Good. We need a semantic feminine only. Come on.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, you.
The student: Zaynab. Zaynab bint Jahsh. Zaynab bint Jahsh.
The Shaykh : And Zaynab. This is a semantic feminine. Parse "Zaynab."
The student: "From" is a preposition.
The student: Yes.
The student: "Zaynab" is a noun in the genitive case by "from," and its sign of the genitive case is the fatha in place of the kasrah because it is feminine.
The Shaykh : Correct?
The student: The cause of its prevention is femininity.
The Shaykh : Femininity is not sufficient. What is the cause of its prevention? Femininity is not enough.
The student: Being a proper name and femininity.
The Shaykh : Being a proper name and femininity. Well done. Good. What do you say about a tree in "Talha"?
The student: Talha.
The Shaykh : Yes. Is it prevented from declension or not prevented?
The student: It is prevented from declension.
The Shaykh : If you say it is prevented, we say it is incorrect. And if you say it is not prevented, we say it is incorrect.
The student: There is a distinction.
The Shaykh : There is a distinction. Correct. Distinguish.
The student: If I say.
The Shaykh : Talha.
The student: If it is added to a proper name.
The Shaykh : No. What does "added to a proper name" mean?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : What does "added" mean?
The student: It means if we add it, for example, if we intend a person by it.
The Shaykh : Well done. So, if I intend a person by it, it is.
The student: It is prohibited from being declined (mamnū' min al-sarf).
The Shaykh : For being a proper name.
The student: Because it is a proper name and has a feminine ending.
The Shaykh : Well done. Good. And if I intend a tree by it.
The student: It is not prevented from declension.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because it is not a proper name.
The Shaykh : Because it is not a proper name. Well done. So, lexical femininity with the taa and semantic femininity must have what? It must have being a proper name, and being a description is not useful. That is why you say: "I passed by a standing woman." You do not say "standing" with a fatha. Why? Because it is not a proper name, but a description. I think we have finished with the four: "Gather, weigh fairly, and feminize". Good.
The student: Four.
The Shaykh : Four, okay, four, and they are:
The student: The form of the ultimate plural, the measure of the verb, what is on the measure of the verb, what is 'adl (deviated from the original), and what is feminine.
The Shaykh : Perfect, okay. Is the form of the ultimate plural one cause that serves the function of two causes? Yes, meaning, so when we find this form... that it is a name that is not declined. Okay, what is the form of the ultimate plural?
The student: The form of the ultimate plural.
The Shaykh : Yes. Ah, yes.
The student: Mafa'il...
The Shaykh : What is on the measure of Mafa'il or Mafa'il with these letters or with any letter? With any letter, okay. So, Fawa'il and Fawa'il are from this category? Okay, an example of what is on the measure of Mafa'il. Come on, al-Bukhari.
The student: Mafa'il.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The Shaykh : Adam.
The student: *Mifā'īl*.
The Shaykh : Yes, a name on the measure of Mafa'il.
The student: Masajid.
The Shaykh : Ah.
The student: Masajid.
The Shaykh : Masajid. Do you say Masajid or Masajid?
The student: Masajid.
The Shaykh : No, no, yes.
The student: Masabih.
The Shaykh : Masabih. Cite something from the Qur'an for that.
The student:
And We have certainly beautified the nearest heaven with stars and have made [from] them what is thrown
ولقد زينا السماء الدنيا بمصابيح وجعلناها رجوماThe Shaykh : But parse it, brother. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : With Masabih.
The student: I.
The Shaykh : Yes, I do.
The student: With Masabih, a noun in the genitive case marked by fathah instead of kasrah because it is prohibited from declension.
The Shaykh : And the obstacle to declension.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : I say, and the obstacle to declension, what is the obstacle?
The student: The form of the ultimate plural.
The Shaykh : The form of the ultimate plural, correct? Okay, do we say it is a proper noun or not? It does not need to be a proper noun or an adjective. Okay, what is on the measure of Masajid.
The student: The word of Allah, Glorified and Exalted:
were it not that Allah checks the people, some by means of others, there would have been demolished monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques
لولا دفع الله الناس بعضهم ببعض لهدّمت صوامع وبيع وصلوات ومساجدThe Shaykh : And Masajid, like this, or Masajid?
The student: And Masajid.
The Shaykh : Without tanween. Okay, put it in a useful sentence in the genitive case.
The student: I passed by Masajid.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: I passed by many Masajid.
The Shaykh : I passed by many Masajid, parse it.
The student: I passed by, verb and subject.
The Shaykh : No, with Masajid.
The student: The ba is a preposition, Masajid is a noun in the genitive case by the ba, and its sign of genitive is the fathah instead of the kasrah because it is a name that is not declined, and the obstacle for it.
The Shaykh : From declension, the obstacle to declension, what is it? The form of the ultimate plural. Okay, his saying: "measure", what is meant by it?
The student: The measure of the verb.
The Shaykh : The measure of the verb, what is required with the measure of the verb?
The student: Being a proper noun.
The Shaykh : Or.
The student: Or being an adjective.
The Shaykh : Or being an adjective. An example with being a proper noun, ah.
The student: Muhammad
The Shaykh : No, Muhammad is not on the measure of the verb. Yes, Nasr.
The student: Ahmad and Yazid.
The Shaykh : Ahmad and Yazid, Ahmad and Yazid. Okay, put it in a useful sentence. Yes.
The student: I passed by Yazid.
The Shaykh : I passed by Yazid, parse it.
The student: I passed by, verb and subject, by Yazid, a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : How?
The student: I passed by Yazid. I passed by, verb and subject, Yazid, a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : Incorrect.
The student: Yazid, the object of the verb I passed by.
The Shaykh : Incorrect.
The student: In the genitive case by fathah instead of kasrah.
The Shaykh : Incorrect.
The student: The ba is a preposition.
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: The ba is a preposition.
The Shaykh : No, the last one.
The student: The ba is a preposition, Yazid is a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : Okay, complete it. A noun in the genitive case by what? A noun in the genitive case by what? And what made it genitive? The ba, and its sign of genitive is.
The student: Its sign of genitive is the fathah.
The Shaykh : Yes, continue.
The student: The kasrah.
The Shaykh : Yes, because it is a dependent noun, because it is a name, there is no power or strength. Okay, dependent, I told you dependent.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : I say, you cannot follow me now because it is a name that is not declined, and the obstacle for it from declension is being a proper noun and the measure of the verb. Okay, does the measure of the verb have to be a proper noun only, or can it come as something other than a proper noun? The brother, the one who noticed, the one who noticed, yes. Is the measure of the verb only a proper noun, or can it be a proper noun and an adjective?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : It can be a proper noun and an adjective. The adjective passed by us, like.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : How? Yes.
The student: Better.
The Shaykh : Better. Put it in a useful sentence.
The student: ... from Ali.
The Shaykh : Muhammad is better than Ali. No, we want it in the genitive case.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No, we want it in the genitive case. This is not in the genitive case. Do you have nothing? Well, okay, yes.
The student: I passed by a man better than Zayd.
The Shaykh : I passed by a man better than Zayd. Okay, and is it valid to say I passed by better than Zayd?
The student: It is not permissible.
The Shaykh : It is not valid to say I passed by better than Zayd.
The student: I passed by.
The Shaykh : By better than Zayd.
The student: No, it is not valid.
The Shaykh : It is not valid.
The student: I passed by.
The Shaykh : By better than Zayd. Is it valid? Parse it.
The student: I passed by, with better, preposition and noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : a section.
The student: The ba is a preposition.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And better, a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : Continue. A noun in the genitive case by what?
The student: With a kasrah.
The Shaykh : And what made it genitive? What is its operator?
The student: The ba.
The Shaykh : The ba, and its sign of genitive is.
The student: The kasrah instead of the fathah.
The Shaykh : How is it kasrah instead of fathah? You say by better, where did you go, Shaykh? Okay.
The student: In the genitive case by fathah instead of kasrah.
The Shaykh : How is it broken with fathah? No one has ever said this. Okay, complete it.
The student: From Zayd, from is a preposition.
The Shaykh : No, no, better.
The student: Better.
The Shaykh : Complete its parsing, yes.
The student: I passed by better than Zayd.
The Shaykh : Fine.
The student: A noun in the genitive case by the ba, and its sign of genitive is the fathah instead of the kasrah.
The Shaykh : Because it is.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : It is every adjective that is prohibited from declension.
The student: Because it is prohibited from declension.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: The obstacle for it is being an adjective.
The Shaykh : And what else?
The student: Being an adjective and the measure of the verb.
The Shaykh : And the measure of the verb. So, the measure of the verb must be what? A proper noun or an adjective. It must be a proper noun or an adjective. Okay, 'Adl, yes, 'Adil, and what...?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Okay, 'Adl is deviation from the original, and it must be a proper noun or it must be an adjective.
The student: Both.
The Shaykh : For example.
The student: A proper noun, like 'Umar, because it was deviated from 'Amir.
The Shaykh : Okay, an adjective.
The student: A dual.
The Shaykh : Muthna, deviated from what? Two, two. Perfect. Parse it. Put 'Umar in a useful sentence and parse it.
The student: I passed by 'Umar.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: I passed by, verb and subject, by 'Umar, the ba is a preposition, and 'Umar is in the genitive case by the ba, and its sign of genitive is the fathah instead of the kasrah because it is prohibited from declension, and the decliner for it is 'Adl, being a proper noun, and 'Adl.
The Shaykh : Being a proper noun and 'Adl. Okay, 'Isa, put it as an adjective.
The student: The description.
The Shaykh : No, 'Adl. He came with Muthna. The brother gave an example, and it is Muthna.
The student: He came with 'Umar.
The Shaykh : He came with 'Umar, this is the proper noun, and he came with the adjective, Muthna, Muthna.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Okay, parse Muthna.
The student: Muthna, a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : Muthna is a substitute for wings, and the substitute for the genitive is genitive, and its sign of genitive is.
The student: The fathah instead of the kasrah.
The Shaykh : The fathah estimated on the alif instead of.
The student: The kasrah.
The Shaykh : Because it is.
The student: A declined noun.
The Shaykh : Ah?
The student: A name that is not declined.
The Shaykh : Because what?
The student: A name that is not declined.
The Shaykh : A name that is not declined, and the obstacle for it from declension is.
The student: Being an adjective and.
The Shaykh : Being an adjective.
The student: And 'Adl.
The Shaykh : And 'Adl. Perfect. Okay, "feminine". A sign, Ahmad Basam, a sign.
The student: A sign.
The Shaykh : Yes, exactly.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : ... A sign.
The student: A sign.
The Shaykh : Yes, I want you to parse.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No, parse "sign".
The student: I did not understand the question.
The Shaykh : Where are you? Feminize "sign" to what?
The student: A sign to the feminine noun.
The Shaykh : Okay, how many categories does it have?
The student: Its categories are three.
The Shaykh : Three, what are they?
The student: No, its categories are first...
The Shaykh : Fine.
The student: The linguistic feminine, then the semantic. The linguistic and the semantic make four.
The Shaykh : Okay, the feminine with alif, the feminine with alif, how many forms does it have?
The student: One form.
The Shaykh : One. Is that not good? Yes.
The student: Two forms.
The Shaykh : Two forms, yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Well done. The closed alif and the elongated alif. An example of the closed one.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : An example of the elongated one.
The student: Himary.
The Shaykh : Himary. Okay, is it required for the feminine with alif to be a proper noun?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Or an adjective.
The student: It is not required.
The Shaykh : So, one cause is sufficient. When we find a name with a closed alif, it is not declined, or if it has an elongated alif, it is not declined. Okay, what do you say about Asma? Asma.
The student: Asma, a name.
The Shaykh : But this is prohibited from declension.
The student: Prohibited.
The Shaykh : Prohibited from declension. Yes, if you say yes, we say it is incorrect.
The student: And if you say no.
The Shaykh : Then likewise.
The student: There is a distinction.
The Shaykh : There is a detail. Yes.
The student: If it is a feminine proper noun, it is prohibited from declension.
The Shaykh : Okay.
The student: And if it is not a feminine proper noun, it is not prohibited.
The Shaykh : By being a plural of a name, then it is.
The student: Not prohibited from declension.
The Shaykh : Yes, correct, is this right? Allah the Exalted said:
They are not but [mere] names you have named
إن هي إلا أسماءٌ سميتموهاThe student: I do not understand.
The Shaykh : Yes, you do not understand. Okay, the closed alif of femininity, 'Abdullah.
The student: Layla.
The Shaykh : Okay, put it in a useful sentence.
The student: Layla went.
The Shaykh : Layla went. No, I want it to be in the genitive case. Better.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : ... It is not on Layla.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : You are not from the people of grammar. You are not from the people of grammar.
The student: I.
The Shaykh : Yes, I do.
The student: We try, Shaykh.
The Shaykh : What is the benefit? Come on, Khalid.
The student: I passed by Layla.
The Shaykh : I passed by Layla. Parse "Layla."
The student: Layla.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : It has a presumed fatha on its final letter in place of the kasrah, because it is prevented from declension, and the cause of the prevention is the alif of femininity. What is it? The closed alif. Good. What do you say about the feminine without the alif?
The student: It has both lexical and semantic femininity.
The Shaykh : Well done. Lexical only and semantic only.
The student: Lexical and semantic.
The Shaykh : Good. Give me an example of lexical and semantic.
The student: Lexical and semantic, for example, if we assume...
The Shaykh : If we assume...
The student: For example, Aisha.
The Shaykh : Fine, Aisha. But stop here. Give me Aisha in a meaningful sentence.
The student: A slave boy of Aisha came to me.
The Shaykh : Came to me.
The student: A slave boy of Aisha.
The Shaykh : Aisha.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Good. Is it in the genitive case now? Is it in the genitive case?
The student: No, it is not in the genitive case, because... because the fatha...
The Shaykh : No, no. Is it in the genitive case or not?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What do you say, everyone? Is it correct? Yes, it is in the genitive case by addition. Good. Parse it.
The student: "Came" is a verb. "Came" is a verb, and the yaa...
The Shaykh : Wait. "Came" is a verb. A verb of what?
The student: A past tense verb, and the yaa is the object.
The Shaykh : Where is the yaa?
The student: Came to me.
The Shaykh : Ah. Before the yaa, there is something. What is before it?
The student: The protective noon.
The Shaykh : Well done. The noon is for protection, and the yaa is the object.
The student: "Slave boy" is a noun in the genitive case, and "Aisha" is the noun it is added to, in the accusative case, and in the genitive case by substitution.
The Shaykh : By what is it in the genitive case?
The student: It is in the genitive case by the fatha in place of the genitive case.
The Shaykh : About what?
The student: In place of the genitive case.
The Shaykh : No.
The student: In place of the kasrah.
The Shaykh : In place of the *kasrah*.
The student: In place of the kasrah because it is not declinable.
The Shaykh : What is the cause of the prevention from declension?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, it is in this.
The student: Being a proper name and femininity.
The Shaykh : Being a proper name and femininity. Well done.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, it is not necessary. Good. Ah.
The student: The subject.
The Shaykh : What is the subject?
The student: The subject of "came."
The Shaykh : ...
The student: I did not say.
The Shaykh : I did not say the subject. The subject of "came."
The student: I said.
The Shaykh : Yes. Good. We need a semantic feminine only. Come on.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, you.
The student: Zaynab. Zaynab bint Jahsh. Zaynab bint Jahsh.
The Shaykh : And Zaynab. This is a semantic feminine. Parse "Zaynab."
The student: "From" is a preposition.
The student: Yes.
The student: "Zaynab" is a noun in the genitive case by "from," and its sign of the genitive case is the fatha in place of the kasrah because it is feminine.
The Shaykh : Correct?
The student: The cause of its prevention is femininity.
The Shaykh : Femininity is not sufficient. What is the cause of its prevention? Femininity is not enough.
The student: Being a proper name and femininity.
The Shaykh : Being a proper name and femininity. Well done. Good. What do you say about a tree in "Talha"?
The student: Talha.
The Shaykh : Yes. Is it prevented from declension or not prevented?
The student: It is prevented from declension.
The Shaykh : If you say it is prevented, we say it is incorrect. And if you say it is not prevented, we say it is incorrect.
The student: There is a distinction.
The Shaykh : There is a distinction. Correct. Distinguish.
The student: If I say.
The Shaykh : Talha.
The student: If it is added to a proper name.
The Shaykh : No. What does "added to a proper name" mean?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : What does "added" mean?
The student: It means if we add it, for example, if we intend a person by it.
The Shaykh : Well done. So, if I intend a person by it, it is.
The student: It is prohibited from being declined (mamnū' min al-sarf).
The Shaykh : For being a proper name.
The student: Because it is a proper name and has a feminine ending.
The Shaykh : Well done. Good. And if I intend a tree by it.
The student: It is not prevented from declension.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because it is not a proper name.
The Shaykh : Because it is not a proper name. Well done. So, lexical femininity with the taa and semantic femininity must have what? It must have being a proper name, and being a description is not useful. That is why you say: "I passed by a standing woman." You do not say "standing" with a fatha. Why? Because it is not a proper name, but a description. I think we have finished with the four: "Gather, weigh fairly, and feminize". Good.