The Discussion on All the Causes of Indeclinability
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The Shaykh : In what position does a single cause take the place of two causes? Yes, few know this. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : One position. That is incorrect, Khalid.
The student: ... and the elongated written alif.
The Shaykh : Incorrect. Yes.
The student: Three positions.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The form of the extreme of plurals, the elongated feminine alif, and the short feminine alif.
The Shaykh : The elongated feminine alif and the short feminine alif. I understand, Khalid. What is it in... in the short feminine alif and the elongated feminine alif? Good. An example of the first one.
The student: With the genitive... with the genitive.
The Shaykh : ... with the genitive, the form of the extreme of plurals.
The student: I passed by mosques, by mosques.
The Shaykh : By mosques.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Yes, yes. Good. Its grammatical analysis, Saleh.
The student: The grammatical analysis of "by mosques."
The Shaykh : Yes, exactly.
The student: Mosques.
The Shaykh : The ba.
The student: A letter of genitive.
The Shaykh : And not bi?
The student: The ba.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because it is a single letter.
The Shaykh : Because it is on a single letter. Complete. Mosques.
The student: It is in the genitive case by the letter ba, and the sign of the genitive is the fatha, because it is a noun.
The Shaykh : Good. The fatha is a substitute.
The student: For the kasrah.
The Shaykh : Because it is prevented, and the preventer for it is.
The student: The form of the extreme of plurals.
The Shaykh : Well done. Good. The second is the elongated feminine alif. Its example, bring it. In an example, illustrate it.
The student: I passed by names.
The Shaykh : I passed by names. Analyze it.
The student: I passed is a verb and a subject. The ba is a letter of genitive. Names is a noun in the genitive case by the ba. The sign of its genitive is the fatha as a substitute for the kasrah, because it is.
The Shaykh : Prevented.
The student: Prevented from declension. The preventer for it from declension is the feminine alif.
The Shaykh : The elongated feminine alif. Good. An example for the short feminine alif. Come, brother, you. Yes, you. Ah, how? Khalid. Ah.
The student: Layla.
The Shaykh : Layla, bring it. Bring it in a sentence.
The student: I greeted Layla.
The Shaykh : I greeted Layla. Good. Analyze "on Layla."
The student: On is a letter of genitive...
The Shaykh : And where is the fatha? There is no fatha.
The student: The implied fatha.
The Shaykh : The implied fatha on the alif as a substitute.
The student: The preventer for its declension is the short feminine alif, because it is.
The Shaykh : The preventer for it from declension is the short feminine alif. Complete. Well done. Good. What are the causes that must be accompanied by the cause of being a proper name with another cause? The cause of being a proper name only with another cause. Good. Come, Salama.
The student: Lexical or semantic femininity, foreignness, and compound structure.
The Shaykh : And compound structure. So, femininity other than by alif, whether lexical or semantic, and compound structure. And the third is foreignness. Foreignness is lexical femininity.
The student: I passed by Zaynab.
The Shaykh : Lexical.
The student: I passed by Aisha.
The Shaykh : Lexical... except one is lexical.
The student: I passed by Talha.
The Shaykh : I passed by Talha. Good. Because I do not know, perhaps Talha is a tree. A name for a man. Good. A man's name. Fine. Analyze "by Talha."
The student: The ba is a letter of genitive, and Talha is a noun in the genitive case by the ba, in the genitive case by the fatha.
The Shaykh : By the ba, by the ba.
The student: The sign of its genitive is the fatha.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Because it is prevented.
The Shaykh : As a substitute for the kasrah. Yes, because it is prevented.
The student: From declension for being a proper name, for being a proper name, and.
The Shaykh : And lexical femininity. Good. And Khalid, I passed by a recorder. We are about to fix it. Good. The second is semantic femininity.
The student: I passed by Aisha.
The Shaykh : Semantic.
The student: I passed by Zaynab.
The Shaykh : I passed by Zaynab. Good.
The student: Zaynab. The ba is a letter of genitive. Zaynab is a noun in the genitive case by the ba, and the sign of its genitive is the fatha as a substitute for the kasrah for being a proper name and semantic femininity.
The Shaykh : Good. Semantic and lexical femininity.
The student: I passed by Aisha.
The Shaykh : Good. That means we always take "I passed by." You cannot answer with another example other than "I passed by" or "Aisha." Salim.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Good. It does not contradict "Aisha." Complete.
The student: On is a letter of genitive. Aisha is a noun in the genitive case by "on," and the sign of its genitive is the fatha as a substitute for the kasrah.
The Shaykh : Because it is prevented from declension for being a proper name and femininity. Good. If I said: I looked at a tree, is it prevented from declension?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because it is not a proper name.
The Shaykh : It is not a proper name. Good. And if I said: I passed by a standing thing on the road.
The student: By a standing thing.
The Shaykh : On the road. By a standing thing on the road. By a standing thing, not by a standing thing.
The student: By a standing thing.
The Shaykh : With tanween and kasrah, not with fatha?
The student: With tanween.
The Shaykh : Why is it feminine?
The student: Because it is not a proper name.
The Shaykh : It is not a proper name, but it is a description.
Good. The third, Adam. What is the second? What is the third?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No, no.
I do not want an example. I want the one that must have the cause of being a proper name with another cause.
The student: Being a proper name and foreignness.
The Shaykh : And foreignness. And foreignness. Its example.
The student: Meaning Ibrahim.
The Shaykh : Ibrahim. Well done. This with an example.
The student: I passed by.
The Shaykh : Analyze "to Ibrahim."
The student: To is a letter of genitive. Ibrahim is a noun in the genitive case by "to."
The Shaykh : And the sign of its genitive is the fatha as a substitute.
The student: For the fatha, for the dammah.
The Shaykh : No. The genitive case is not dammah.
The student: As a substitute for the kasrah.
The Shaykh : For the kasrah, because it is a noun that does not decline, and the preventer for it from declension is.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Being a proper name and foreignness. Correct. Good. If I said, Adam, I looked at Adam. Does Adam decline or not?
The student: Does Adam decline?
The Shaykh : Say it declines if he prayed Isha. Good. Adam does not decline because it is prevented from declension for being a proper name and foreignness. Good. Come, Yasser. The third is compound structure. Its example.
The student: Hadramawt.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: I traveled to Hadramawt.
The Shaykh : I traveled to Hadramawt. Analyze it.
The student: To is a letter of genitive, and Hadramawt is a noun in the genitive case, and the sign of its genitive is the fatha as a substitute for the kasrah, because it is...
The Shaykh : And the preventer for it from declension is.
The student: Being a proper name.
The Shaykh : Being a proper name and compound structure. Complete. Good. What are the three causes where being a proper name or a description is with another cause? Come, Khalil.
The student: The measure of a verb.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And justice.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And the addition of alif and nun.
The Shaykh : And the addition of alif and nun. Good. The measure of a verb, for example.
The student: The measure of a verb, for example, Yazid.
The Shaykh : For example, Yazid. This is in the proper name, in the description.
The student: Yashkur.
The Shaykh : No. Yashkur is not a proper name.
The student: Yazid and Yashkur, Ahmad.
The Shaykh : Ahmad is a proper name. His name is Ahmad. Better. Yes. Good. Bring an example for "best."
The student: I passed by the best. I passed by the best student of knowledge.
The Shaykh : It is not valid because "best" is attached.
The student: Good. And if it is.
The Shaykh : The attached noun is in the genitive case by kasrah. The important thing is that the example did not work. Bring another one.
The student: I traveled with the best.
The Shaykh : The best than you.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Than you. Come.
The student: I traveled.
The Shaykh : With the best than you.
The student: With the best than you.
The Shaykh : Fine. But we want you not to answer with "with," because "with" after it is not clear to the brothers and students that what comes after it is in the genitive case. We want you to bring a letter of genitive.
The student: I looked at the best than you.
The Shaykh : Good. Come. To the best.
The student: To is a letter of genitive, and the best is a noun in the genitive case by "to."
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And the sign of its genitive is the visible fatha on its end as a substitute for the kasrah.
The Shaykh : For the kasrah, because it is.
The student: Because it is prevented from declension, and the preventer for it from declension is being a description and the measure.
The Shaykh : The measure of a verb. Complete. We want it as a proper name. Isa.
The student: As a proper name.
The Shaykh : Yes. The measure of a verb as a proper name.
The student: Justice or not?
The Shaykh : No. The measure of a verb.
The student: As a proper name?
The Shaykh : Yes. Ah. Come.
The student: ... Verb, O Shaykh.
The Shaykh : As a proper name. Come, Abdul Majid.
The student: I passed by Ahmad.
The Shaykh : Ah.
The student: I passed by Ahmad.
The Shaykh : By Ahmad. Analyze it. We returned to "I passed by," but it does not contradict.
The student: The ba is a letter of genitive.
The Shaykh : The ba is a letter of genitive.
The student: Ahmad is a noun in the genitive case by the ba, and the sign of its genitive is the visible fatha on its end as a substitute for the kasrah, because it is prevented from declension, and the preventer for it from declension is being a proper name and the measure of a verb.
The Shaykh : Good. Is it correct, everyone? Its analysis is correct. Good. And the second, what has being a proper name and being a description with another cause? Abdullah Hamoud.
The student: The measure of a verb.
The Shaykh : We are done with it. We are done with it.
The student: The addition of alif and nun.
The Shaykh : The addition of alif and nun. Its example in a proper name.
The student: I went to Salman.
The Shaykh : Yes. Analyze "to Salman."
The student: To is a letter of genitive. Salman is a noun in the genitive case by "to," and the sign of its genitive is the kasrah, because it is prevented from declension.
The Shaykh : The kasrah as a substitute.
The student: As a substitute for the fatha, because it is prevented from declension. The fatha as a substitute for the kasrah, because it is prevented from declension, and the preventer is being a proper name and the addition of alif and nun.
The Shaykh : Complete. Bring it in a description. Yes. Yes, brother. Yes, you.
The student: I saw. I read on a drunkard.
The Shaykh : I seek refuge in Allah. Strange. You do not find anyone but the drunkard to read to. Glory be to Allah. Yes, ... this is an illustration, no harm in it, but...
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Good... this brother, direct it. Good. Why did you not say "I looked at him"? Good. Come, let us say "I looked at a drunkard."
The student: I looked.
The Shaykh : Leave your looking aside, because... yes.
The student: ... *Sakran* (drunk) is a noun in the genitive case, and its sign of genitive is the fatha in place of the kasrah, because it is prevented from declension...
The Shaykh : Well done, perfect, correct. Now, Allah the Exalted said: Why was it put in the genitive with a kasrah?
The student: Because it is neither a proper name nor a description.
The Shaykh : And what do you say, everyone? Ah, He says this does not have the quality of being a proper name or a description; it has the addition of alif and nun, correct, but it is not a proper name or a description. Do you agree with this or not?
The student: We agree.
The Shaykh : Perfect, correct, this is a correct answer. What remains for us?
The student: Justice.
The Shaykh : *Al-Adl* (justice). *Al-Adl* remains for us. Come on, Sami, *al-Adl*, give it as a proper name.
The student: It is a word derived from something.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... It is a word derived from something.
The Shaykh : Yes, but we want an example. An example of *al-Adl* when *al-Adl* is the reason for *al-Adl*... for *al-Adl* as a proper name, not like the brother Isa.
The student: I greeted 'Umar.
The Shaykh : I greeted 'Umar. Perfect. Parse *'ala 'Umar*.
The student: *'Ala* is a preposition, and *'Umar* is a noun in the genitive case by *'ala*, and its sign of genitive is the fatha in place of the kasrah, because it is prevented from declension due to being a proper name and *al-Adl*.
The Shaykh : Well done. Now, what remains for us is the descriptive quality and *al-Adl*. The descriptive quality and *al-Adl*. Did you take it, Nasr? Yes, the last one. Come on, you.
The student: *Akhir* (last).
The Shaykh : *Akhir*. Good.
The student: An example.
The Shaykh : An example.
The student: His saying, the Exalted:[Al-Baqarah 2:184].
The Shaykh :[Al-Baqarah 2:184] Good. Parse [Al-Baqarah 2:184].
The student: *Min* is a preposition, and *ayyam* (days) is a noun in the genitive case by *min*, and its sign of genitive is the kasrah. *Ayyam* is a possessive, and *akhir* is the possessed.
The Shaykh : Wrong. It is a possessive, and he says *ayyam* (with tanwin). A possessive noun does not take tanwin. Have you not heard the saying of the poet: "As if you are tanwin and I am addition, so where do you see me? I do not fit in your place". What do you say, Mهند?
The student: *Ayyam*.
The Shaykh : *Ayyam*.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : In the genitive case by *min*, and its sign of genitive is the visible kasrah on its end, and *akhir*.
The student: In the genitive case by the fatha.
The Shaykh : In the genitive case by the fatha in place of the kasrah, because it is prevented from declension, and the preventer is...
The student: The descriptive quality and *al-Adl*.
The Shaykh : The descriptive quality and *al-Adl*. Good. A noun that is not declined is put in the genitive case in two places. A noun that is not declined is put in the genitive case with a kasrah in two places. What are they?
The student: When it is a possessive, and when *al* (the definite article) enters it.
The Shaykh : *Al*. Good. When it is a possessive, and when *al* enters it. Come on, Hamad, an example of the possessive. Ah, do you have it? Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No. Good, brother, you.
The student: I prayed in the mosques of Unaizah.
The Shaykh : I prayed in the mosques of Unaizah. Correct, everyone? Which one... Unaizah or mosques? Mosques. Good, parse it for us.
The student: *Fi* is a preposition...
The Shaykh : A visible kasrah on its end. If someone asked you why you put it in the genitive with a kasrah, and it is a form of the extreme of plurals?
The student: It is a possessive.
The Shaykh : Because it is a possessive. Well done. Come on, complete it. *Masajid* is a possessive.
The student: Unaizah is the possessed.
The Shaykh : Yes, continue. But we have not finished with it. May Allah reward you with good. Unaizah, *masajid* is a possessive, and Unaizah is the possessed. Or do we have an excuse because we have not reached the chapter of possession? Ah, ah, we have an excuse, we have an excuse, we have not reached the chapter of possession. Good.
The second place. Good, wait. The second place, before the example, when *al* enters it, like...
The student: I preached on the minbars.
The Shaykh : I preached on the minbars. Correct. Good, parse it.
The student: *Khatbat* is a verb and a subject.
The Shaykh : Leave *khatbat* alone, it did not come to us.
The student: *'Ala* is a preposition, and *minabar* is in the genitive case by *ba*.
The Shaykh : With what?
The student: In the genitive case by *ba*.
The Shaykh : By *ba*? How? You say *'ala al-minabar* and you say by *ba*. Here.
The student: ... and its sign of genitive is the visible kasrah on its end.
The Shaykh : Why did you decline it, even though it is a form of the extreme of plurals?
The student: *Al* entered it.
The Shaykh : *Al* entered it. Do you agree with this? Good, correct. We cited a verse from *Alfiyyah* that we should memorize.
The student: I
The Shaykh : Yes, al-Bukhari.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Correct.
"And the genitive is marked with the fathah for that which does not decline, *** provided it is not attached to a possessive or preceded by the article with a suffix"
"And put in the genitive with fatha what is not declined *** Unless it is a possessive or follows after al"
Perfect. Good. The visible...
The reader: "In the present tense verb with a sound ending, and as for deletion, it is a sign of jussive in the present tense verb with a defective ending, and in the five verbs whose nominative is by the stability of the nun".
The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his Companions.
We have previously spoken about the noun that is not declined, and we spent three lessons, three nights, on it. I think after this we do not need to return to it, because it is understood. The utmost of what is there is that I mentioned that it is put in the genitive case with a kasrah in two cases: they are when it is a possessive or when *al* enters it. Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Baqarah 2:187] In the mosques, its genitive is with a kasrah because *al* entered it. And you say: I passed by your mosques, because it is a possessive. And you say: I stayed as a guest with the best of you. *Afdalakum* (the best of you) is with a kasrah because it is...
The student: A possessive.
The Shaykh : A possessive. And you say: I stayed with the best of the group. *Al-afdali* (the best) is put in the genitive with what? With a kasrah, because *al* entered it. Good. What remains for us is...
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : One position. That is incorrect, Khalid.
The student: ... and the elongated written alif.
The Shaykh : Incorrect. Yes.
The student: Three positions.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The form of the extreme of plurals, the elongated feminine alif, and the short feminine alif.
The Shaykh : The elongated feminine alif and the short feminine alif. I understand, Khalid. What is it in... in the short feminine alif and the elongated feminine alif? Good. An example of the first one.
The student: With the genitive... with the genitive.
The Shaykh : ... with the genitive, the form of the extreme of plurals.
The student: I passed by mosques, by mosques.
The Shaykh : By mosques.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Yes, yes. Good. Its grammatical analysis, Saleh.
The student: The grammatical analysis of "by mosques."
The Shaykh : Yes, exactly.
The student: Mosques.
The Shaykh : The ba.
The student: A letter of genitive.
The Shaykh : And not bi?
The student: The ba.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because it is a single letter.
The Shaykh : Because it is on a single letter. Complete. Mosques.
The student: It is in the genitive case by the letter ba, and the sign of the genitive is the fatha, because it is a noun.
The Shaykh : Good. The fatha is a substitute.
The student: For the kasrah.
The Shaykh : Because it is prevented, and the preventer for it is.
The student: The form of the extreme of plurals.
The Shaykh : Well done. Good. The second is the elongated feminine alif. Its example, bring it. In an example, illustrate it.
The student: I passed by names.
The Shaykh : I passed by names. Analyze it.
The student: I passed is a verb and a subject. The ba is a letter of genitive. Names is a noun in the genitive case by the ba. The sign of its genitive is the fatha as a substitute for the kasrah, because it is.
The Shaykh : Prevented.
The student: Prevented from declension. The preventer for it from declension is the feminine alif.
The Shaykh : The elongated feminine alif. Good. An example for the short feminine alif. Come, brother, you. Yes, you. Ah, how? Khalid. Ah.
The student: Layla.
The Shaykh : Layla, bring it. Bring it in a sentence.
The student: I greeted Layla.
The Shaykh : I greeted Layla. Good. Analyze "on Layla."
The student: On is a letter of genitive...
The Shaykh : And where is the fatha? There is no fatha.
The student: The implied fatha.
The Shaykh : The implied fatha on the alif as a substitute.
The student: The preventer for its declension is the short feminine alif, because it is.
The Shaykh : The preventer for it from declension is the short feminine alif. Complete. Well done. Good. What are the causes that must be accompanied by the cause of being a proper name with another cause? The cause of being a proper name only with another cause. Good. Come, Salama.
The student: Lexical or semantic femininity, foreignness, and compound structure.
The Shaykh : And compound structure. So, femininity other than by alif, whether lexical or semantic, and compound structure. And the third is foreignness. Foreignness is lexical femininity.
The student: I passed by Zaynab.
The Shaykh : Lexical.
The student: I passed by Aisha.
The Shaykh : Lexical... except one is lexical.
The student: I passed by Talha.
The Shaykh : I passed by Talha. Good. Because I do not know, perhaps Talha is a tree. A name for a man. Good. A man's name. Fine. Analyze "by Talha."
The student: The ba is a letter of genitive, and Talha is a noun in the genitive case by the ba, in the genitive case by the fatha.
The Shaykh : By the ba, by the ba.
The student: The sign of its genitive is the fatha.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Because it is prevented.
The Shaykh : As a substitute for the kasrah. Yes, because it is prevented.
The student: From declension for being a proper name, for being a proper name, and.
The Shaykh : And lexical femininity. Good. And Khalid, I passed by a recorder. We are about to fix it. Good. The second is semantic femininity.
The student: I passed by Aisha.
The Shaykh : Semantic.
The student: I passed by Zaynab.
The Shaykh : I passed by Zaynab. Good.
The student: Zaynab. The ba is a letter of genitive. Zaynab is a noun in the genitive case by the ba, and the sign of its genitive is the fatha as a substitute for the kasrah for being a proper name and semantic femininity.
The Shaykh : Good. Semantic and lexical femininity.
The student: I passed by Aisha.
The Shaykh : Good. That means we always take "I passed by." You cannot answer with another example other than "I passed by" or "Aisha." Salim.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Good. It does not contradict "Aisha." Complete.
The student: On is a letter of genitive. Aisha is a noun in the genitive case by "on," and the sign of its genitive is the fatha as a substitute for the kasrah.
The Shaykh : Because it is prevented from declension for being a proper name and femininity. Good. If I said: I looked at a tree, is it prevented from declension?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Because it is not a proper name.
The Shaykh : It is not a proper name. Good. And if I said: I passed by a standing thing on the road.
The student: By a standing thing.
The Shaykh : On the road. By a standing thing on the road. By a standing thing, not by a standing thing.
The student: By a standing thing.
The Shaykh : With tanween and kasrah, not with fatha?
The student: With tanween.
The Shaykh : Why is it feminine?
The student: Because it is not a proper name.
The Shaykh : It is not a proper name, but it is a description.
Good. The third, Adam. What is the second? What is the third?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No, no.
I do not want an example. I want the one that must have the cause of being a proper name with another cause.
The student: Being a proper name and foreignness.
The Shaykh : And foreignness. And foreignness. Its example.
The student: Meaning Ibrahim.
The Shaykh : Ibrahim. Well done. This with an example.
The student: I passed by.
The Shaykh :
And We covenanted with Ibrahim
وعهدنا إلى إبراهيمThe student: To is a letter of genitive. Ibrahim is a noun in the genitive case by "to."
The Shaykh : And the sign of its genitive is the fatha as a substitute.
The student: For the fatha, for the dammah.
The Shaykh : No. The genitive case is not dammah.
The student: As a substitute for the kasrah.
The Shaykh : For the kasrah, because it is a noun that does not decline, and the preventer for it from declension is.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Being a proper name and foreignness. Correct. Good. If I said, Adam, I looked at Adam. Does Adam decline or not?
The student: Does Adam decline?
The Shaykh : Say it declines if he prayed Isha. Good. Adam does not decline because it is prevented from declension for being a proper name and foreignness. Good. Come, Yasser. The third is compound structure. Its example.
The student: Hadramawt.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: I traveled to Hadramawt.
The Shaykh : I traveled to Hadramawt. Analyze it.
The student: To is a letter of genitive, and Hadramawt is a noun in the genitive case, and the sign of its genitive is the fatha as a substitute for the kasrah, because it is...
The Shaykh : And the preventer for it from declension is.
The student: Being a proper name.
The Shaykh : Being a proper name and compound structure. Complete. Good. What are the three causes where being a proper name or a description is with another cause? Come, Khalil.
The student: The measure of a verb.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And justice.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And the addition of alif and nun.
The Shaykh : And the addition of alif and nun. Good. The measure of a verb, for example.
The student: The measure of a verb, for example, Yazid.
The Shaykh : For example, Yazid. This is in the proper name, in the description.
The student: Yashkur.
The Shaykh : No. Yashkur is not a proper name.
The student: Yazid and Yashkur, Ahmad.
The Shaykh : Ahmad is a proper name. His name is Ahmad. Better. Yes. Good. Bring an example for "best."
The student: I passed by the best. I passed by the best student of knowledge.
The Shaykh : It is not valid because "best" is attached.
The student: Good. And if it is.
The Shaykh : The attached noun is in the genitive case by kasrah. The important thing is that the example did not work. Bring another one.
The student: I traveled with the best.
The Shaykh : The best than you.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Than you. Come.
The student: I traveled.
The Shaykh : With the best than you.
The student: With the best than you.
The Shaykh : Fine. But we want you not to answer with "with," because "with" after it is not clear to the brothers and students that what comes after it is in the genitive case. We want you to bring a letter of genitive.
The student: I looked at the best than you.
The Shaykh : Good. Come. To the best.
The student: To is a letter of genitive, and the best is a noun in the genitive case by "to."
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And the sign of its genitive is the visible fatha on its end as a substitute for the kasrah.
The Shaykh : For the kasrah, because it is.
The student: Because it is prevented from declension, and the preventer for it from declension is being a description and the measure.
The Shaykh : The measure of a verb. Complete. We want it as a proper name. Isa.
The student: As a proper name.
The Shaykh : Yes. The measure of a verb as a proper name.
The student: Justice or not?
The Shaykh : No. The measure of a verb.
The student: As a proper name?
The Shaykh : Yes. Ah. Come.
The student: ... Verb, O Shaykh.
The Shaykh : As a proper name. Come, Abdul Majid.
The student: I passed by Ahmad.
The Shaykh : Ah.
The student: I passed by Ahmad.
The Shaykh : By Ahmad. Analyze it. We returned to "I passed by," but it does not contradict.
The student: The ba is a letter of genitive.
The Shaykh : The ba is a letter of genitive.
The student: Ahmad is a noun in the genitive case by the ba, and the sign of its genitive is the visible fatha on its end as a substitute for the kasrah, because it is prevented from declension, and the preventer for it from declension is being a proper name and the measure of a verb.
The Shaykh : Good. Is it correct, everyone? Its analysis is correct. Good. And the second, what has being a proper name and being a description with another cause? Abdullah Hamoud.
The student: The measure of a verb.
The Shaykh : We are done with it. We are done with it.
The student: The addition of alif and nun.
The Shaykh : The addition of alif and nun. Its example in a proper name.
The student: I went to Salman.
The Shaykh : Yes. Analyze "to Salman."
The student: To is a letter of genitive. Salman is a noun in the genitive case by "to," and the sign of its genitive is the kasrah, because it is prevented from declension.
The Shaykh : The kasrah as a substitute.
The student: As a substitute for the fatha, because it is prevented from declension. The fatha as a substitute for the kasrah, because it is prevented from declension, and the preventer is being a proper name and the addition of alif and nun.
The Shaykh : Complete. Bring it in a description. Yes. Yes, brother. Yes, you.
The student: I saw. I read on a drunkard.
The Shaykh : I seek refuge in Allah. Strange. You do not find anyone but the drunkard to read to. Glory be to Allah. Yes, ... this is an illustration, no harm in it, but...
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Good... this brother, direct it. Good. Why did you not say "I looked at him"? Good. Come, let us say "I looked at a drunkard."
The student: I looked.
The Shaykh : Leave your looking aside, because... yes.
The student: ... *Sakran* (drunk) is a noun in the genitive case, and its sign of genitive is the fatha in place of the kasrah, because it is prevented from declension...
The Shaykh : Well done, perfect, correct. Now, Allah the Exalted said:
Like a solid rock
كمثل صفوانٍThe student: Because it is neither a proper name nor a description.
The Shaykh : And what do you say, everyone? Ah,
Like a solid rock
كمثل صفوانٍThe student: We agree.
The Shaykh : Perfect, correct, this is a correct answer. What remains for us?
The student: Justice.
The Shaykh : *Al-Adl* (justice). *Al-Adl* remains for us. Come on, Sami, *al-Adl*, give it as a proper name.
The student: It is a word derived from something.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... It is a word derived from something.
The Shaykh : Yes, but we want an example. An example of *al-Adl* when *al-Adl* is the reason for *al-Adl*... for *al-Adl* as a proper name, not like the brother Isa.
The student: I greeted 'Umar.
The Shaykh : I greeted 'Umar. Perfect. Parse *'ala 'Umar*.
The student: *'Ala* is a preposition, and *'Umar* is a noun in the genitive case by *'ala*, and its sign of genitive is the fatha in place of the kasrah, because it is prevented from declension due to being a proper name and *al-Adl*.
The Shaykh : Well done. Now, what remains for us is the descriptive quality and *al-Adl*. The descriptive quality and *al-Adl*. Did you take it, Nasr? Yes, the last one. Come on, you.
The student: *Akhir* (last).
The Shaykh : *Akhir*. Good.
The student: An example.
The Shaykh : An example.
The student: His saying, the Exalted:
an equal number of days [are to be made up]
فعدة من أيام أخرThe Shaykh :
an equal number of days [are to be made up]
فعدة من أيام أخرan equal number of days
من أيام أخرThe student: *Min* is a preposition, and *ayyam* (days) is a noun in the genitive case by *min*, and its sign of genitive is the kasrah. *Ayyam* is a possessive, and *akhir* is the possessed.
The Shaykh : Wrong. It is a possessive, and he says *ayyam* (with tanwin). A possessive noun does not take tanwin. Have you not heard the saying of the poet: "As if you are tanwin and I am addition, so where do you see me? I do not fit in your place". What do you say, Mهند?
The student: *Ayyam*.
The Shaykh : *Ayyam*.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : In the genitive case by *min*, and its sign of genitive is the visible kasrah on its end, and *akhir*.
The student: In the genitive case by the fatha.
The Shaykh : In the genitive case by the fatha in place of the kasrah, because it is prevented from declension, and the preventer is...
The student: The descriptive quality and *al-Adl*.
The Shaykh : The descriptive quality and *al-Adl*. Good. A noun that is not declined is put in the genitive case in two places. A noun that is not declined is put in the genitive case with a kasrah in two places. What are they?
The student: When it is a possessive, and when *al* (the definite article) enters it.
The Shaykh : *Al*. Good. When it is a possessive, and when *al* enters it. Come on, Hamad, an example of the possessive. Ah, do you have it? Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No. Good, brother, you.
The student: I prayed in the mosques of Unaizah.
The Shaykh : I prayed in the mosques of Unaizah. Correct, everyone? Which one... Unaizah or mosques? Mosques. Good, parse it for us.
The student: *Fi* is a preposition...
The Shaykh : A visible kasrah on its end. If someone asked you why you put it in the genitive with a kasrah, and it is a form of the extreme of plurals?
The student: It is a possessive.
The Shaykh : Because it is a possessive. Well done. Come on, complete it. *Masajid* is a possessive.
The student: Unaizah is the possessed.
The Shaykh : Yes, continue. But we have not finished with it. May Allah reward you with good. Unaizah, *masajid* is a possessive, and Unaizah is the possessed. Or do we have an excuse because we have not reached the chapter of possession? Ah, ah, we have an excuse, we have an excuse, we have not reached the chapter of possession. Good.
The second place. Good, wait. The second place, before the example, when *al* enters it, like...
The student: I preached on the minbars.
The Shaykh : I preached on the minbars. Correct. Good, parse it.
The student: *Khatbat* is a verb and a subject.
The Shaykh : Leave *khatbat* alone, it did not come to us.
The student: *'Ala* is a preposition, and *minabar* is in the genitive case by *ba*.
The Shaykh : With what?
The student: In the genitive case by *ba*.
The Shaykh : By *ba*? How? You say *'ala al-minabar* and you say by *ba*. Here.
The student: ... and its sign of genitive is the visible kasrah on its end.
The Shaykh : Why did you decline it, even though it is a form of the extreme of plurals?
The student: *Al* entered it.
The Shaykh : *Al* entered it. Do you agree with this? Good, correct. We cited a verse from *Alfiyyah* that we should memorize.
The student: I
The Shaykh : Yes, al-Bukhari.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Correct.
"And the genitive is marked with the fathah for that which does not decline, *** provided it is not attached to a possessive or preceded by the article with a suffix"
"And put in the genitive with fatha what is not declined *** Unless it is a possessive or follows after al"
Perfect. Good. The visible...
The reader: "In the present tense verb with a sound ending, and as for deletion, it is a sign of jussive in the present tense verb with a defective ending, and in the five verbs whose nominative is by the stability of the nun".
The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his Companions.
We have previously spoken about the noun that is not declined, and we spent three lessons, three nights, on it. I think after this we do not need to return to it, because it is understood. The utmost of what is there is that I mentioned that it is put in the genitive case with a kasrah in two cases: they are when it is a possessive or when *al* enters it. Allah the Exalted said:
And do not have relations with them as long as you are staying for worship in the mosques
ولا تباشروهن وأنتم عاكفون في المساجدِThe student: A possessive.
The Shaykh : A possessive. And you say: I stayed with the best of the group. *Al-afdali* (the best) is put in the genitive with what? With a kasrah, because *al* entered it. Good. What remains for us is...