Examples of what has preceded, with their grammatical analysis
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : Yes, let us take examples now. The goods were stolen.
The student: "Stolen" is in the form of a verb whose actor is not named, built on the fathah in the form of a verb whose actor is not named.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: The goods.
The Shaykh : The goods.
The student: The goods is the substitute for the actor... the substitute for the actor because its actor was not named.
The Shaykh : It is raised by what?
The student: Nominative by the dammah.
The Shaykh : By the visible dammah. Good.
The student: ... singular.
The Shaykh : Good. I was struck.
The student: "Struck" is a past tense verb, built for a verb whose actor is not named.
The Shaykh : Built for a verb whose...
The student: A verb built for a verb whose actor is not named.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Built on sukun because it is connected to the moving nominative pronoun, and the taa is the substitute for the actor, built on dhamm in the position of nominative.
The Shaykh : Well done. Good. They were struck.
The student: They were struck.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: "They were struck" is a past tense verb built for a verb whose actor is not named, and the nūn is a pronoun.
The Shaykh : There is no nūn in "they were struck."
The student: The alif.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: It is the moving nominative pronoun, and it is the substitute for the actor.
The Shaykh : how
The student: It is the moving nominative pronoun, and it is the substitute for the actor.
The Shaykh : It is moving.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Here, so the alif.
The student: The alif is the substitute for the actor.
The Shaykh : Is built.
The student: Built on *sukun*.
The Shaykh : In the position of?
The student: The substitute for the actor is raised.
The Shaykh : In the position of nominative. Good. Analyze "the thief was cut off."
The student: "Cut off" is a past tense verb built for a verb whose actor is not named.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: The thief is the object.
The Shaykh : No, as long as you say it is built for a verb whose actor is not named, it means the actor does not exist. So if the actor does not exist, the object takes its place. So the actor is here.
The student: The substitute for the doer.
The Shaykh : The substitute for the actor is raised.
The student: The substitute for the actor is raised, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Good. What do you think if someone said "the thief was cut off" with a fathah? Is it permissible or not?
The student: It is not permissible.
The Shaykh : It is not permissible, because the substitute for the actor has the ruling of the actor, my son. Good, the time is over.
The student: "Stolen" is in the form of a verb whose actor is not named, built on the fathah in the form of a verb whose actor is not named.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: The goods.
The Shaykh : The goods.
The student: The goods is the substitute for the actor... the substitute for the actor because its actor was not named.
The Shaykh : It is raised by what?
The student: Nominative by the dammah.
The Shaykh : By the visible dammah. Good.
The student: ... singular.
The Shaykh : Good. I was struck.
The student: "Struck" is a past tense verb, built for a verb whose actor is not named.
The Shaykh : Built for a verb whose...
The student: A verb built for a verb whose actor is not named.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: Built on sukun because it is connected to the moving nominative pronoun, and the taa is the substitute for the actor, built on dhamm in the position of nominative.
The Shaykh : Well done. Good. They were struck.
The student: They were struck.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: "They were struck" is a past tense verb built for a verb whose actor is not named, and the nūn is a pronoun.
The Shaykh : There is no nūn in "they were struck."
The student: The alif.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: It is the moving nominative pronoun, and it is the substitute for the actor.
The Shaykh : how
The student: It is the moving nominative pronoun, and it is the substitute for the actor.
The Shaykh : It is moving.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Here, so the alif.
The student: The alif is the substitute for the actor.
The Shaykh : Is built.
The student: Built on *sukun*.
The Shaykh : In the position of?
The student: The substitute for the actor is raised.
The Shaykh : In the position of nominative. Good. Analyze "the thief was cut off."
The student: "Cut off" is a past tense verb built for a verb whose actor is not named.
The Shaykh : Yes
The student: The thief is the object.
The Shaykh : No, as long as you say it is built for a verb whose actor is not named, it means the actor does not exist. So if the actor does not exist, the object takes its place. So the actor is here.
The student: The substitute for the doer.
The Shaykh : The substitute for the actor is raised.
The student: The substitute for the actor is raised, and its sign of being raised is the visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Good. What do you think if someone said "the thief was cut off" with a fathah? Is it permissible or not?
The student: It is not permissible.
The Shaykh : It is not permissible, because the substitute for the actor has the ruling of the actor, my son. Good, the time is over.