A discussion on the grammatical parsing of some examples related to the *haal* (circumstantial phrase).
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The Shaykh : All right, parse "I read the book open," hmm?
The student: The book open.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Open is a *haal*.
The Shaykh : A state of what?
The student: From the book.
The Shaykh : From the doer?
The student: No, from the book.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : From the book? Or is it not valid from the doer?
The student: No, it is not valid.
The Shaykh : All right, is it permissible for me to say: "Open, I read the book"?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : What is the evidence from Ibn Malik's words? Hmm? We'll leave that for later, and the evidence for later. All right, for example, you say: "Zayd in the house sleeping," parse it?
The student: Zayd is the subject.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: In is a preposition, the house is the object of the preposition.
The Shaykh : No, the house is the object of the preposition?! The house?
The student: It is a noun in the genitive case due to "in," and the sign of its genitive case is the visible kasrah.
The Shaykh : A name.
The student: And the preposition and its object are attached to a deleted word, estimated to be "existing."
The Shaykh : Very well.
The student: Sleeping is a *haal*.
The Shaykh : From Zayd the subject?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Or from the hidden doer?
The student: From "existing."
The Shaykh : From "existing," yes, well done. All right, if I say: "Zayd in the room dark"?
The student: Zayd is the subject, in the room is genitive and object of the preposition, dark.
The Shaykh : Attached? The preposition and object attached?
The student: Attached to a deleted word, estimated to be "existing."
The Shaykh : Existing, yes.
The student: And dark is a *haal*.
The Shaykh : From where?
The student: A *haal* from.
The Shaykh : From the room or from Zayd?
The student: From the room.
The Shaykh : What is the evidence? Dark, so it is Zayd. If he said dark, the evidence is the feminine form. All right, a *haal* from the room. Is it permissible for me to say, for example: "Zayd dark in the room"?
The student: It is not permissible.
The Shaykh : Hmm? It is not permissible. Ibn Malik says: This is rare. "Zayd settled in his village," like: "Zayd dark in the room." Come on, Ghani? Hmm? "I rode the horse saddled."
The student: Rode is a verb and a doer.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The horse is the object, saddled is a *haal* from the horse.
The Shaykh : Or from the doer of "rode"?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Correct, why is it not valid from the doer?
The student: It is not valid.
The Shaykh : The saddled one, who is it? The person or the horse?
The student: The horse.
The Shaykh : All right, well done. All right, Isa? "I rode the horse girded with a sword."
The student: Rode is a verb and a doer, the horse is the object.
The Shaykh : Accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is.
The student: The fathah.
The Shaykh : Yes, that is correct.
The student: The visible fathah.
The Shaykh : All right, if I say "I rode the horse" with a kasrah, is it valid?
The student: It is not fitting.
The Shaykh : The object must be.
The student: It must be in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Accusative.
The student: Accusative.
The Shaykh : All right, girded.
The student: Girded is a *haal*.
The Shaykh : A state of what?
The student: A *haal* from "rode."
The Shaykh : Meaning from the doer?
The student: Yes, exactly.
The Shaykh : Or from the object, the horse?
The student: No, from the doer.
The Shaykh : Girded with a sword.
The student: The girded one is the rider.
The Shaykh : Can the horse be girded with a sword?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : All right, if girded is a *haal* from the doer in "rode," it is in the accusative case, and the sign of its accusative case is? All right, sword?
The student: Sword.
The Shaykh : Girded with a sword. Sword is the object, the object of "girded," because "girded" is a noun of the doer, so it takes an object in the accusative case. All right, "I read the lesson with a clear mind."
The student: Read is a verb and a doer, and the lesson is the object in the accusative case, clear.
The Shaykh : And the sign of its accusative case is?
The student: And the sign of its accusative case is.
The Shaykh : And the sign of its accusative case is?
The student: And the sign of its accusative case is the visible fathah.
The Shaykh : Which visible fathah at the end? Yes, clear mind?
The student: Clear is a *haal*.
The Shaykh : A state of what?
The student: A state (hal).
The Shaykh : From the doer in "read" or from the lesson?
The student: From the doer.
The Shaykh : Yes, all right, accusative.
The student: Accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the visible fathah.
The Shaykh : All right, clear is a compound noun.
The student: Clear is a compound noun, and mind is the noun it is compounded with.
The Shaykh : Genitive?
The student: Genitive.
The Shaykh : Due to the compound noun.
The student: Genitive due to the compound noun, and the sign of its genitive case is.
The Shaykh : All right, "I bought the sheep cheap."
The student: Bought is a verb and a doer.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The sheep is the object.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Cheap.
The Shaykh : Accusative.
The student: Accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the visible fathah at the end.
The Shaykh : Yes, cheap?
The student: A state (hal).
The Shaykh : A state of what?
The student: From "bought."
The Shaykh : From the taa in "bought." Are you the one who is cheap or the sheep that is cheap?
The student: From the sheep.
The Shaykh : Yes, a *haal* from the sheep, accusative?
The student: The sign of its accusative case is the fathah.
The Shaykh : Correct, yes, correct.
Hind attended the prayer standing.
The student: Attended is a past tense verb built on fathah, it has no grammatical position, and the taa is the taa of femininity. Hind is the doer.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Hind is the doer in the nominative case, and the sign of its nominative case is the dammah. The prayer is the object in the accusative case, and the sign of its accusative case is the fathah. Standing is a *haal*.
The Shaykh : A state of what?
The student: From Hind.
The Shaykh : Hind attended the prayer standing. A *haal* from whom?
The student: From Hind.
The Shaykh : Is the meaning the standing of the prayer or Hind standing?
The student: Hind.
Another student: The standing of the prayer.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: The standing of the prayer.
The Shaykh : According to the intention, and if there is none, the closest.
The student: The closest to the first verb.
The Shaykh : Yes, all right. Standing is a *haal* from the prayer.
The student: Accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the fathah.
The Shaykh : All right, Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Isra 17:37].
The student: The waw is according to what came before it.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: No, it is a prohibitive particle.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Walk is a present tense verb in the nominative case due to an estimated pronoun, walk.
The Shaykh : I said: No, it is a prohibitive particle. Prohibition puts the verb in the jussive case. Hmm?
The student: Present tense verb in the jussive case, and the sign of its jussive case is sukun.
The Shaykh : Jussive, and the sign of its jussive case is the deletion of the yaa, and the kasrah before it is evidence for it, because its original form is "walks." In the earth is a preposition and object attached to "walks," and joyfully?
The student: A state (hal).
The Shaykh : A *haal*.
The student: Joyfully.
The Shaykh : Or an absolute object?
The student: No, a *haal*.
The Shaykh : Is it a description of the walking or a description of the walker?
The student: Either it is a description of the walking or it is a description of the walker. One may be a walker joyfully, and one may.
The Shaykh : If he said "joyful," it is clear, but he said "joyfully."
The student: Joyfully, let it be an image of the walker that he walks joyfully.
The Shaykh : Meaning: this is joy. Is it correct? It is permissible for it to be a *haal* from the doer of "walks," estimated to be: this is joy. And it is permissible for it to be an absolute object, meaning: walking joyfully.
The student: The lesson, O Shaykh.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: The book open.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Open is a *haal*.
The Shaykh : A state of what?
The student: From the book.
The Shaykh : From the doer?
The student: No, from the book.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : From the book? Or is it not valid from the doer?
The student: No, it is not valid.
The Shaykh : All right, is it permissible for me to say: "Open, I read the book"?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : What is the evidence from Ibn Malik's words? Hmm? We'll leave that for later, and the evidence for later. All right, for example, you say: "Zayd in the house sleeping," parse it?
The student: Zayd is the subject.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: In is a preposition, the house is the object of the preposition.
The Shaykh : No, the house is the object of the preposition?! The house?
The student: It is a noun in the genitive case due to "in," and the sign of its genitive case is the visible kasrah.
The Shaykh : A name.
The student: And the preposition and its object are attached to a deleted word, estimated to be "existing."
The Shaykh : Very well.
The student: Sleeping is a *haal*.
The Shaykh : From Zayd the subject?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Or from the hidden doer?
The student: From "existing."
The Shaykh : From "existing," yes, well done. All right, if I say: "Zayd in the room dark"?
The student: Zayd is the subject, in the room is genitive and object of the preposition, dark.
The Shaykh : Attached? The preposition and object attached?
The student: Attached to a deleted word, estimated to be "existing."
The Shaykh : Existing, yes.
The student: And dark is a *haal*.
The Shaykh : From where?
The student: A *haal* from.
The Shaykh : From the room or from Zayd?
The student: From the room.
The Shaykh : What is the evidence? Dark, so it is Zayd. If he said dark, the evidence is the feminine form. All right, a *haal* from the room. Is it permissible for me to say, for example: "Zayd dark in the room"?
The student: It is not permissible.
The Shaykh : Hmm? It is not permissible. Ibn Malik says: This is rare. "Zayd settled in his village," like: "Zayd dark in the room." Come on, Ghani? Hmm? "I rode the horse saddled."
The student: Rode is a verb and a doer.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The horse is the object, saddled is a *haal* from the horse.
The Shaykh : Or from the doer of "rode"?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Correct, why is it not valid from the doer?
The student: It is not valid.
The Shaykh : The saddled one, who is it? The person or the horse?
The student: The horse.
The Shaykh : All right, well done. All right, Isa? "I rode the horse girded with a sword."
The student: Rode is a verb and a doer, the horse is the object.
The Shaykh : Accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is.
The student: The fathah.
The Shaykh : Yes, that is correct.
The student: The visible fathah.
The Shaykh : All right, if I say "I rode the horse" with a kasrah, is it valid?
The student: It is not fitting.
The Shaykh : The object must be.
The student: It must be in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Accusative.
The student: Accusative.
The Shaykh : All right, girded.
The student: Girded is a *haal*.
The Shaykh : A state of what?
The student: A *haal* from "rode."
The Shaykh : Meaning from the doer?
The student: Yes, exactly.
The Shaykh : Or from the object, the horse?
The student: No, from the doer.
The Shaykh : Girded with a sword.
The student: The girded one is the rider.
The Shaykh : Can the horse be girded with a sword?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : All right, if girded is a *haal* from the doer in "rode," it is in the accusative case, and the sign of its accusative case is? All right, sword?
The student: Sword.
The Shaykh : Girded with a sword. Sword is the object, the object of "girded," because "girded" is a noun of the doer, so it takes an object in the accusative case. All right, "I read the lesson with a clear mind."
The student: Read is a verb and a doer, and the lesson is the object in the accusative case, clear.
The Shaykh : And the sign of its accusative case is?
The student: And the sign of its accusative case is.
The Shaykh : And the sign of its accusative case is?
The student: And the sign of its accusative case is the visible fathah.
The Shaykh : Which visible fathah at the end? Yes, clear mind?
The student: Clear is a *haal*.
The Shaykh : A state of what?
The student: A state (hal).
The Shaykh : From the doer in "read" or from the lesson?
The student: From the doer.
The Shaykh : Yes, all right, accusative.
The student: Accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the visible fathah.
The Shaykh : All right, clear is a compound noun.
The student: Clear is a compound noun, and mind is the noun it is compounded with.
The Shaykh : Genitive?
The student: Genitive.
The Shaykh : Due to the compound noun.
The student: Genitive due to the compound noun, and the sign of its genitive case is.
The Shaykh : All right, "I bought the sheep cheap."
The student: Bought is a verb and a doer.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The sheep is the object.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Cheap.
The Shaykh : Accusative.
The student: Accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the visible fathah at the end.
The Shaykh : Yes, cheap?
The student: A state (hal).
The Shaykh : A state of what?
The student: From "bought."
The Shaykh : From the taa in "bought." Are you the one who is cheap or the sheep that is cheap?
The student: From the sheep.
The Shaykh : Yes, a *haal* from the sheep, accusative?
The student: The sign of its accusative case is the fathah.
The Shaykh : Correct, yes, correct.
Hind attended the prayer standing.
The student: Attended is a past tense verb built on fathah, it has no grammatical position, and the taa is the taa of femininity. Hind is the doer.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Hind is the doer in the nominative case, and the sign of its nominative case is the dammah. The prayer is the object in the accusative case, and the sign of its accusative case is the fathah. Standing is a *haal*.
The Shaykh : A state of what?
The student: From Hind.
The Shaykh : Hind attended the prayer standing. A *haal* from whom?
The student: From Hind.
The Shaykh : Is the meaning the standing of the prayer or Hind standing?
The student: Hind.
Another student: The standing of the prayer.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: The standing of the prayer.
The Shaykh : According to the intention, and if there is none, the closest.
The student: The closest to the first verb.
The Shaykh : Yes, all right. Standing is a *haal* from the prayer.
The student: Accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the fathah.
The Shaykh : All right, Allah the Exalted said:
And do not walk upon the earth exultantly
ولا تمش في الأرض مرَحًاThe student: The waw is according to what came before it.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: No, it is a prohibitive particle.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Walk is a present tense verb in the nominative case due to an estimated pronoun, walk.
The Shaykh : I said: No, it is a prohibitive particle. Prohibition puts the verb in the jussive case. Hmm?
The student: Present tense verb in the jussive case, and the sign of its jussive case is sukun.
The Shaykh : Jussive, and the sign of its jussive case is the deletion of the yaa, and the kasrah before it is evidence for it, because its original form is "walks." In the earth is a preposition and object attached to "walks," and joyfully?
The student: A state (hal).
The Shaykh : A *haal*.
The student: Joyfully.
The Shaykh : Or an absolute object?
The student: No, a *haal*.
The Shaykh : Is it a description of the walking or a description of the walker?
The student: Either it is a description of the walking or it is a description of the walker. One may be a walker joyfully, and one may.
The Shaykh : If he said "joyful," it is clear, but he said "joyfully."
The student: Joyfully, let it be an image of the walker that he walks joyfully.
The Shaykh : Meaning: this is joy. Is it correct? It is permissible for it to be a *haal* from the doer of "walks," estimated to be: this is joy. And it is permissible for it to be an absolute object, meaning: walking joyfully.
The student: The lesson, O Shaykh.
The Shaykh : Huh?