Explanation of the author's (may Allah have mercy on him) statement: " . . .
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The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The Chapter on the Masdar". This is the second of the nouns in the accusative case. What is the first one?
The student: The object of the verb (maf'ul bihi).
The Shaykh : The object of the verb, and this is the masdar. It is called the absolute object (maf'ul mutlaq). It is called the absolute object because it is an object that is not made transitive by a preposition, not by ba, not by fi, and not by lam. Therefore, they called it an absolute object, meaning it is not restricted by anything. The masdar is: that which is the place of the occurrence of the thing, that which is the place of the occurrence of things. This is the masdar. For this reason, the stronger opinion is that the masdar is the root of derivation. So you say: daraba (he struck) is derived from darb (striking), and you do not say: darb (striking) is derived from daraba (he struck). Do you understand? Because this is the root, the masdar, the masdar of everything, meaning the masdar of meanings and actions is this masdar. So you say: daraba (he struck) is derived from darb (striking), or do you say: darb (striking) is derived from daraba (he struck)?
The student: Daraba (he struck) is from darb (striking).
The Shaykh : Daraba (he struck) is from darb (striking). You heard: al-sami' (the one who hears) is from sam' (hearing), and so on. All things return to the masdar. For this reason, we called it a masdar. The author (may Allah have mercy on him) says: because it is a book for beginners, a concise one, he says: "The masdar is the noun in the accusative case which comes third in the conjugation of the verb". Third in the conjugation of the verb means that if you conjugate the verb twice, the masdar comes. For example: daraba (he struck), yadribu (he strikes), daraban (striking). So daraban is the masdar. Akala (he ate), ya'kulu (he eats), akalan (eating). Akalan is the masdar. Waqafa (he stood), yaqifu (he stands), waqfan (standing). Waqfan is the masdar. Jalaasa (he sat), yajlisu (he sits), juluusan (sitting). Dakhala (he entered), yadkhulu (he enters), dukhulan (entering). Qara'a (he read), yaqra'u (he reads), qira'atan (reading). And so on. So it is the one that comes in the third position in the conjugation of the verb. He says: "Which comes third in the conjugation of the verb, such as: daraba (he struck), yadribu (he strikes), daraban (striking)". You can analogize whatever you wish from the masdars. Good.
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The Chapter on the Masdar". This is the second of the nouns in the accusative case. What is the first one?
The student: The object of the verb (maf'ul bihi).
The Shaykh : The object of the verb, and this is the masdar. It is called the absolute object (maf'ul mutlaq). It is called the absolute object because it is an object that is not made transitive by a preposition, not by ba, not by fi, and not by lam. Therefore, they called it an absolute object, meaning it is not restricted by anything. The masdar is: that which is the place of the occurrence of the thing, that which is the place of the occurrence of things. This is the masdar. For this reason, the stronger opinion is that the masdar is the root of derivation. So you say: daraba (he struck) is derived from darb (striking), and you do not say: darb (striking) is derived from daraba (he struck). Do you understand? Because this is the root, the masdar, the masdar of everything, meaning the masdar of meanings and actions is this masdar. So you say: daraba (he struck) is derived from darb (striking), or do you say: darb (striking) is derived from daraba (he struck)?
The student: Daraba (he struck) is from darb (striking).
The Shaykh : Daraba (he struck) is from darb (striking). You heard: al-sami' (the one who hears) is from sam' (hearing), and so on. All things return to the masdar. For this reason, we called it a masdar. The author (may Allah have mercy on him) says: because it is a book for beginners, a concise one, he says: "The masdar is the noun in the accusative case which comes third in the conjugation of the verb". Third in the conjugation of the verb means that if you conjugate the verb twice, the masdar comes. For example: daraba (he struck), yadribu (he strikes), daraban (striking). So daraban is the masdar. Akala (he ate), ya'kulu (he eats), akalan (eating). Akalan is the masdar. Waqafa (he stood), yaqifu (he stands), waqfan (standing). Waqfan is the masdar. Jalaasa (he sat), yajlisu (he sits), juluusan (sitting). Dakhala (he entered), yadkhulu (he enters), dukhulan (entering). Qara'a (he read), yaqra'u (he reads), qira'atan (reading). And so on. So it is the one that comes in the third position in the conjugation of the verb. He says: "Which comes third in the conjugation of the verb, such as: daraba (he struck), yadribu (he strikes), daraban (striking)". You can analogize whatever you wish from the masdars. Good.