Reading from Ibn Aqil’s commentary (may Allah have mercy on him), with the Shaykh’s annotations: " .
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The reader: " And let it be given in the definite and the indefinite what *** follows, like 'I passed by a people of generosity':
The attribute must follow what precedes it in its grammatical case and its definiteness or indefiniteness, for example: 'I passed by a people of generosity' .
The Shaykh : What is appropriate, we say, is its definiteness and indefiniteness, because it is not possible for a definite noun to be an indefinite one, in its definiteness or indefiniteness. And look at the saying of Allah the Exalted:[At-Tahrim 66:5] The waw: this is for variety, because it is not possible for a woman to be a widow and a virgin, but the previous attributes can be found in one woman?
The reader: Yes.
The Shaykh : Yes, exactly.
The reader: " For example: 'I passed by a people of generosity, and I passed by Zayd the noble.' Do not attribute a definite noun to an indefinite one, so do not say: 'I passed by Zayd noble.' And do not attribute an indefinite noun to a definite one, so do not say: 'I passed by a man the noble' .
The Shaykh : His saying: 'I passed by Zayd,' this is if it is intended as a proper name, meaning a specific person named Zayd. But if you intended Zayd as a common noun, if you intended the indefinite, it is correct: 'by Zayd noble,' meaning by one named with this name who is noble. The parallel to this is what they mentioned regarding Ramadan. They said: If you intended the specific Ramadan, yes, it is exempt from the accusative case because it is a proper name. And if you intended a non-specific one, it is declined because of its indefiniteness. For this reason, they said in the phrase of the jurists: " It is not permissible to delay making up the fast of Ramadan until after another Ramadan" , 'another Ramadan': see how they made it indefinite, yes, that is right. This is if you say: 'by Zayd noble,' meaning by one named with this name who is noble, there is no harm. But if you say: 'by Zayd who is the specific Zayd,' then Zayd is definite, and it is not permissible to attribute it to an indefinite. Now it follows; the attribute follows the attributed noun in two matters necessarily, and they are: grammatical case and definiteness or indefiniteness. This is necessary. Yes.
The reader: In Ramadan, is it not a generic name?
The Shaykh : Yes?
The reader: In Ramadan, is it not a generic name?
The Shaykh : If you say: in another Ramadan?
The reader: Yes, I did.
The Shaykh : No, they say it is an indefinite noun and it is not a proper name, yes.
The reader: " And it is with the definite and the indefinite, or *** other than them, like the verb, so I stop where they stopped" .
The Shaykh : Huh?
The attribute must follow what precedes it in its grammatical case and its definiteness or indefiniteness, for example: 'I passed by a people of generosity' .
The Shaykh : What is appropriate, we say, is its definiteness and indefiniteness, because it is not possible for a definite noun to be an indefinite one, in its definiteness or indefiniteness. And look at the saying of Allah the Exalted:
Perhaps his Lord, if he divorced you [all], would substitute for him wives better than you - submitting [to Allah], believing, devoutly obedient, repentant, worshipping, and traveling - [ones] previously married and virgins.
عسى ربُّه إن طلقَكُنَّ أن يبدله أزواجاً خيراً مِنكُنَّ مُسلماتٍ مؤمناتٍ قانتاتٍ تائباتٍ عابداتٍ سائحاتٍ ثيباتٍ وأبكارًاWidows and virgins
ثيباتٍ وأبكارًاThe reader: Yes.
The Shaykh : Yes, exactly.
The reader: " For example: 'I passed by a people of generosity, and I passed by Zayd the noble.' Do not attribute a definite noun to an indefinite one, so do not say: 'I passed by Zayd noble.' And do not attribute an indefinite noun to a definite one, so do not say: 'I passed by a man the noble' .
The Shaykh : His saying: 'I passed by Zayd,' this is if it is intended as a proper name, meaning a specific person named Zayd. But if you intended Zayd as a common noun, if you intended the indefinite, it is correct: 'by Zayd noble,' meaning by one named with this name who is noble. The parallel to this is what they mentioned regarding Ramadan. They said: If you intended the specific Ramadan, yes, it is exempt from the accusative case because it is a proper name. And if you intended a non-specific one, it is declined because of its indefiniteness. For this reason, they said in the phrase of the jurists: " It is not permissible to delay making up the fast of Ramadan until after another Ramadan" , 'another Ramadan': see how they made it indefinite, yes, that is right. This is if you say: 'by Zayd noble,' meaning by one named with this name who is noble, there is no harm. But if you say: 'by Zayd who is the specific Zayd,' then Zayd is definite, and it is not permissible to attribute it to an indefinite. Now it follows; the attribute follows the attributed noun in two matters necessarily, and they are: grammatical case and definiteness or indefiniteness. This is necessary. Yes.
The reader: In Ramadan, is it not a generic name?
The Shaykh : Yes?
The reader: In Ramadan, is it not a generic name?
The Shaykh : If you say: in another Ramadan?
The reader: Yes, I did.
The Shaykh : No, they say it is an indefinite noun and it is not a proper name, yes.
The reader: " And it is with the definite and the indefinite, or *** other than them, like the verb, so I stop where they stopped" .
The Shaykh : Huh?