The disbelief of the People of the Book who did not believe in the message of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)

The Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta

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The third question of Fatwa No. ( 9438 ):

Q3: The Noble Qur'an has explicitly declared the disbelief of the People of the Book, except for those who believed in the message of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) (the Qur'an). As for those among the Jews who said that Uzayr is the son of Allah, and the Christians who said that the Messiah is the son of Allah, may Allah protect us from that. The Noble Qur'an has explicitly declared their disbelief: They have certainly disbelieved who say, "Allah is the third of three."
لَقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ ثَالِثُ ثَلاثَةٍ
[Al-Ma'idah 5:73]
the verse. But despite this decisive proof, we have found some scholars saying: The People of the Book are not disbelievers, but were only the People of the Book... Please inform us about these matters.
A3: Whoever says that is a disbeliever; for he is denying what came in the Qur'an and the Sunnah regarding the explicit declaration of their disbelief. Allah the Exalted said:

O People of the Scripture, why do you disbelieve in the verses of Allah while you witness [to their truth]?

يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ لِمَ تَكْفُرُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَأَنْتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ

[Ali 'Imran 3:70]

the verses from Surat Ali 'Imran. And He said:

They have certainly disbelieved who say that Allah is Christ, the son of Mary

لَقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ

[Al-Ma'idah 5:17]

the verses from Surat al-Ma'idah. And He said:

They have certainly disbelieved who say, "Allah is the third of three."

لَقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ ثَالِثُ ثَلاثَةٍ

[Al-Ma'idah 5:73]

the verses from Surat al-Ma'idah. And He said:

The Jews say, "Ezra is the son of Allah "; and the Christians say, "The Messiah is the son of Allah." That is their statement from their mouths; they imitate the saying of those who disbelieved [before them]. May Allah destroy them; how are they deluded?

وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ عُزَيْرٌ ابْنُ اللَّهِ وَقَالَتِ النَّصَارَى الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ اللَّهِ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ يُضَاهِئُونَ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ قَاتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ أَنَّى يُؤْفَكُونَ

[At-Tawbah 9:30]

the verses from Surat al-Tawbah. And He the Exalted said:

Those who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture and the polytheists were not to be parted [from misbelief] until there came to them clear evidence -

لَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ مُنْفَكِّينَ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ

[Al-Bayyinah 98:1]

the verses from Surat al-Bayyinah. And He said:

Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth from those who were given the Scripture - [fight] until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled.

قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلاَ بِالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَلاَ يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلاَ يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ

[At-Tawbah 9:29]

. And so on, from the many verses. And success is from Allah. And may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his Companions.

Source www.alifta.gov.sa

The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.

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