A vow is a type of worship that is the exclusive right of Allah alone
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The second question of Fatwa No. ( 2251 ):
Q2: Regarding making a vow for other than Allah the Exalted, one group says: There is no vow except for Allah the Exalted, and it is disbelief and shirk (associating partners with Allah) for other than Allah the Exalted; because it is worship, and it is disbelief for other than Him the Exalted. Another group says: Making a vow for them is a righteous deed that obligates reward and recompense for its doer. What is the truth in this matter?
A2: A vow is a type of worship that is the exclusive right of Allah alone, and it is not permissible to direct any of it to other than Him. Whoever makes a vow for other than Him has directed a type of worship, which is the right of Allah the Exalted, to the one for whom he made the vow. And whoever directs a type of worship, whether a vow, a sacrifice, or otherwise, to other than Allah is considered one who associates partners with Allah, falling under the generality of the saying of Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He:[Al-Ma'idah 5:72]
And whoever among the obligated Muslim believers believes that making vows and sacrifices for the deceased is permissible, then this belief is major shirk (associating partners with Allah) that expels one from the religion. He is given three days to repent, and his situation is made difficult for him. If he repents, well and good; otherwise, he is killed. It is permissible for his son to take from his wealth during his lifetime what he is pleased to give him. Likewise, it is permissible for him to take what he needs from his father’s wealth in a good manner without his father’s knowledge, if he is poor and unable to access the means that would make him independent of that need. This is based on the hadith of Aisha regarding the story of Hind bint Utbah , the wife of Abu Sufyan , when she complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that Abu Sufyan did not give her what was sufficient for her and her children. He said:Sahih Muslim 1714a . And by this, it becomes clear that the truth is with the first group that said: There is no vow except for Allah the Exalted, and it is disbelief and shirk (associating partners with Allah) for other than Allah the Exalted. And success is from Allah. May Allah send prayers and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his companions.
Q2: Regarding making a vow for other than Allah the Exalted, one group says: There is no vow except for Allah the Exalted, and it is disbelief and shirk (associating partners with Allah) for other than Allah the Exalted; because it is worship, and it is disbelief for other than Him the Exalted. Another group says: Making a vow for them is a righteous deed that obligates reward and recompense for its doer. What is the truth in this matter?
A2: A vow is a type of worship that is the exclusive right of Allah alone, and it is not permissible to direct any of it to other than Him. Whoever makes a vow for other than Him has directed a type of worship, which is the right of Allah the Exalted, to the one for whom he made the vow. And whoever directs a type of worship, whether a vow, a sacrifice, or otherwise, to other than Allah is considered one who associates partners with Allah, falling under the generality of the saying of Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He:
Indeed, he who associates others with Allah - Allah has forbidden him Paradise, and his refuge is the Fire. And there are not for the wrongdoers any helpers.
إِنَّهُ مَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْوَاهُ النَّارُ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنْصَارٍAnd whoever among the obligated Muslim believers believes that making vows and sacrifices for the deceased is permissible, then this belief is major shirk (associating partners with Allah) that expels one from the religion. He is given three days to repent, and his situation is made difficult for him. If he repents, well and good; otherwise, he is killed. It is permissible for his son to take from his wealth during his lifetime what he is pleased to give him. Likewise, it is permissible for him to take what he needs from his father’s wealth in a good manner without his father’s knowledge, if he is poor and unable to access the means that would make him independent of that need. This is based on the hadith of Aisha regarding the story of Hind bint Utbah , the wife of Abu Sufyan , when she complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that Abu Sufyan did not give her what was sufficient for her and her children. He said:
Take from his property what is customary which may suffice you and your children.
خذي من ماله بالمعروف ما يكفيك ويكفي بنيك
Source
www.alifta.gov.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.