Swearing by other than Allah and saying "What Allah and you willed," "I have no one but Allah and you," and the like
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Fatwa number ( 436 ):
Q: A discussion arose between me and one of the brothers regarding the impermissibility of swearing by other than Allah, and what passed between us was as follows: I said, based on what I studied in my youth: that swearing by other than Allah is minor shirk (associating partners with Allah), as detailed in the book of the Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab , where he says: "Minor shirk is swearing by other than Allah, and a man saying: 'I have no one but Allah and you,' and I am upon Allah and you, etc..." And he said: It is permissible to swear by the Qur'an; because it is an attribute of Allah the Exalted. The answers of some of the scholarly brothers have varied in supporting his statement, and due to our need for guidance from the opinion of the honorable Ifta Authority, knowing for certain that they seek out authentic hadiths, we ask you to issue a ruling, may Allah reward you?
A: As for swearing by other than Allah and the one who says: "What Allah and you willed," "I have no one but Allah and you," and the like, if he holds in his heart the exaltation of the created being by whom he swore, similar to the exaltation of Allah, then it is major shirk (associating partners with Allah). If he is ignorant, he is taught; if he persists, he is the same as the one who knew it from the start, each of them being a mushrik (one who associates partners with Allah) with major shirk. Likewise, in his saying: "What Allah and you willed," and "Were it not for Allah and you,"
If he believes that this person is a partner with Allah, that nothing happens except by the will of Allah and the will of this person, then if he is ignorant, he is taught; if he persists, he is the same as the one who knew from the beginning, each of them being a mushrik (one who associates partners with Allah) committing major shirk (associating partners with Allah). As for if he swears by other than Allah with his tongue but does not believe in his heart in exalting the one he swears by or what he swears by, and likewise if he says, "What Allah willed and what you willed," or "If not for Allah and you," then if he is ignorant, he is taught; if he persists, he is the same as the one who knew from the beginning, each of them being a mushrik (one who associates partners with Allah) committing minor shirk (associating partners with Allah). The fact that it is minor shirk (associating partners with Allah) does not mean that the Muslim is lenient in this matter, for minor shirk (associating partners with Allah) is the greatest of the major sins after major shirk (associating partners with Allah). Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said:Musannaf Abd al-Razzaq 21:121, so the false oath is among the major sins, and yet Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) made minor shirk (associating partners with Allah) greater than it. The secret of the matter is that swearing necessitates exalting the thing sworn by; this is the principle. As for the saying of the one who says, "What Allah willed and what you willed," and the like, the conjunction "and" necessitates equating the conjoined with the conjoined to, meaning that the conjoined is equal to the conjoined to. And Allah (Exalted and Majestic is He) [Ash-Shuraa 42:11]. As for swearing by the Qur'an, it is not of this category, because the Qur'an is from the speech of Allah, and His speech (Exalted and Majestic is He) is one of His attributes, and the oath
is the oath by Allah, or by one of His names, or by one of His attributes. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sahih al-Bukhari 2679, narrated by al-Bukhari , from 'Umar . And success is from Allah. And may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his Companions.
Q: A discussion arose between me and one of the brothers regarding the impermissibility of swearing by other than Allah, and what passed between us was as follows: I said, based on what I studied in my youth: that swearing by other than Allah is minor shirk (associating partners with Allah), as detailed in the book of the Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab , where he says: "Minor shirk is swearing by other than Allah, and a man saying: 'I have no one but Allah and you,' and I am upon Allah and you, etc..." And he said: It is permissible to swear by the Qur'an; because it is an attribute of Allah the Exalted. The answers of some of the scholarly brothers have varied in supporting his statement, and due to our need for guidance from the opinion of the honorable Ifta Authority, knowing for certain that they seek out authentic hadiths, we ask you to issue a ruling, may Allah reward you?
A: As for swearing by other than Allah and the one who says: "What Allah and you willed," "I have no one but Allah and you," and the like, if he holds in his heart the exaltation of the created being by whom he swore, similar to the exaltation of Allah, then it is major shirk (associating partners with Allah). If he is ignorant, he is taught; if he persists, he is the same as the one who knew it from the start, each of them being a mushrik (one who associates partners with Allah) with major shirk. Likewise, in his saying: "What Allah and you willed," and "Were it not for Allah and you,"
If he believes that this person is a partner with Allah, that nothing happens except by the will of Allah and the will of this person, then if he is ignorant, he is taught; if he persists, he is the same as the one who knew from the beginning, each of them being a mushrik (one who associates partners with Allah) committing major shirk (associating partners with Allah). As for if he swears by other than Allah with his tongue but does not believe in his heart in exalting the one he swears by or what he swears by, and likewise if he says, "What Allah willed and what you willed," or "If not for Allah and you," then if he is ignorant, he is taught; if he persists, he is the same as the one who knew from the beginning, each of them being a mushrik (one who associates partners with Allah) committing minor shirk (associating partners with Allah). The fact that it is minor shirk (associating partners with Allah) does not mean that the Muslim is lenient in this matter, for minor shirk (associating partners with Allah) is the greatest of the major sins after major shirk (associating partners with Allah). Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
I would rather swear by Allah falsely than swear by other than Him truthfully
لأن أحلف بالله كاذبًا أحب إليّ من أن أحلف بغيره صادقًاThere is nothing like unto Him, and He is the Hearing, the Seeing.
لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُis the oath by Allah, or by one of His names, or by one of His attributes. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
Whoever has to take an oath should swear by Allah or remain silent.
من كان حالفًا فليحلف بالله أو ليصمت
Source
www.alifta.gov.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.