Explanation of the hadith of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him): (And you will not spend any expenditure seeking thereby the Face of Allah but you will be rewarded for it)

The Shaykh : He said: And from Abu Ishaq Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Malik ibn Uhayb ibn 'Abd Manaf ibn Zuhrah ibn Kilab ibn Murrah ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ay, the Qurashi, the Zuhri (may Allah be pleased with him), one of the ten who were promised Paradise (may Allah be pleased with them), he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to me. Here (may Allah be pleased with them) it became unclear to me; because Sa'd... I do not know that his father was a Companion.

The questioner : No, from the ten (may Allah be pleased with them), from the ten (may Allah be pleased with them).

The Shaykh : You have done well.
Fine; he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to visit me during the Farewell Pilgrimage from a severe pain that had afflicted me. I said: O Messenger of Allah, I have reached such a state of pain as you see, and I possess wealth, and none will inherit from me except a daughter of mine; should I give in charity two-thirds of my wealth? He said: . I said: Then half, O Messenger of Allah? He said: . I said: Then one-third, O Messenger of Allah? He said: . He said: I said: O Messenger of Allah, will I be left behind after my companions? He said: . The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) felt pity for him that he died in Makkah. Agreed upon by al-Bukhari and Muslim.
The point of this hadith is his statement appropriate to the chapter: ; meaning: that every expenditure should be intended by the spender for the Face of Allah (Blessed and Exalted is He), and we return to explaining what may be obscure in the hadith.
During the Farewell Pilgrimage, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, one of the ten promised Paradise, fell ill with an illness that brought him close to death. So the Messenger (may the prayers and peace of Allah be upon him) came and visited him. He complained to him of his condition, saying: O Messenger of Allah, I have reached such a state of pain as you see; meaning: I fear that death will overtake me while I possess wealth, and none will inherit from me except a daughter of mine; should I give in charity two-thirds of my wealth - meaning: before my death? He said: . I said: Then half - meaning the half - O Messenger of Allah? He said: . I said: Then one-third, O Messenger of Allah? He said: . And in the doubt in which the narrator was in doubt, he said: or large, . So we find that the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), despite Sa'd's explicit statement that he had no heir to inherit from him except a daughter, did not allow Sa'd to bequeath half of the wealth, let alone two-thirds. When Sa'd said: Then should I give in charity one-third? He said: . This is an expression that permits the rich person to give in charity one-third of his wealth, but with the note that it is contrary to what is best; because he said: ; meaning if it is absolutely necessary, then give in charity one-third, but even so, one-third is a lot; meaning: make your charity for your heirs; for the closest relatives are more entitled to kindness. Do not give in charity more than your wealth, do not give in charity even one-third, and if it is absolutely necessary, then one-third, and one-third is a lot.
The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) explains this which he encouraged him to do, namely reducing the charity, by saying (may the prayers and peace of Allah be upon him): ; meaning: that you leave, stretching out their hands asking them for money which Allah (Mighty and Majestic) has given them; therefore it is not befitting for you to give in charity two-thirds of your wealth or half of your wealth, and if it is absolutely necessary, then one-third, and the two-thirds remain for those who inherit from you so that you prevent them with this wealth which you leave for them from begging from people, and asking them, and soliciting from them.
Then the Messenger (peace be upon him) mentions another phrase in which there is an explanation of the virtue of spending on the family in particular, saying: , no matter how slight and simple this expenditure is in the eyes of people ; meaning in her mouth, the morsel which the man raises to the mouth of his wife is charity, but with the condition that he seeks thereby the Face of Allah (Blessed and Exalted is He).
Here is the point of this hadith; that the Muslim, whatever good deeds he performs, they will not be good deeds accepted by Allah unless he seeks thereby the Face of Allah (Blessed and Exalted is He), . He said: I said: O Messenger of Allah, will I be left behind after my companions? Meaning: will I live and survive for a period of life after my companions who have died? He said: . This is like the hadith narrated by Imam Ahmad and others: , so he says: meaning you will live after your companions .
Here is a point which rarely comes in the legal texts, he says: , he did not stop here, but he said: ; how are the others harmed? Because of their disbelief, disobedience, and misguidance; meaning: when the Messenger (peace be upon him) was sent, some people benefited from it and others were harmed. Those who benefited are clear in their matter, as for those who were harmed, the proof of Allah was established against them by the sending of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), so they were harmed by that.