Exegesis of the saying of Allah the Exalted: “Have you seen the one who turned away?”
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Exegesis of His saying, the Exalted: “Have you seen”
Allah the Exalted said: [Al-Najm: 33-35] to the end of it.
The address in His saying: “Have you seen” is addressed to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), and it is permissible that it refers to anyone to whom the address is directed,Then the meaning in the first case is: Have you seen, O Muhammad,And in the second opinion, the meaning is: Have you seen, O addressed one.
“The one who turned away” means: he turned away from the obedience of Allah (Mighty and Majestic), and did not believe in the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him),And he did not spend what he was commanded to spend: [Al-Najm: 34] Sometimes he gives, and when he gives, he gives little,And sometimes he is in straitened circumstances, meaning: He withholds, so he gives nothing; because he does not spend wealth seeking the Face of Allah,Therefore, his state was between two things: Either withholding, or giving little.
They said: “And was in straitened circumstances” is derived from al-kadiyyah: which is the hard rock that does not crumble except with pickaxes. This one who gave little and was in straitened circumstances claims that if he is resurrected, he will give much wealth. And this is the custom of one who denies the resurrection, as in the case of the owner of the garden who said: [Al-Kahf: 36] He thinks that he will enjoy in this world, and then enjoy in the Hereafter even more and more, if he believed in it.
Allah the Exalted said: [Al-Najm: 35] This interrogative is negatory in meaning,Meaning: He has no knowledge of the unseen, so he thinks that he will move to a better abode than the one he is in. Accordingly, the sentence is a negative sentence, not an affirmative one, and it is not an interrogative sentence seeking information, but rather a sentence of negation and denial, since no one has knowledge of the unseen. And were it not for what Allah informed us of regarding the bliss for the people of Paradise and the torment for the people of the Fire, we would not have known anything about it.
Allah the Exalted said:
(33) Have you seen the one who turned away (34) And gave a little and [then] refrained? (35) Does he have knowledge of the unseen, so he sees?
أَفَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي تَوَلَّى * وَأَعْطَى قَلِيلاً وَأَكْدَى * أَعِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ الْغَيْبِ فَهُوَ يَرَىThe address in His saying: “Have you seen” is addressed to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), and it is permissible that it refers to anyone to whom the address is directed,Then the meaning in the first case is: Have you seen, O Muhammad,And in the second opinion, the meaning is: Have you seen, O addressed one.
“The one who turned away” means: he turned away from the obedience of Allah (Mighty and Majestic), and did not believe in the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him),And he did not spend what he was commanded to spend:
and gave little and withheld
وَأَعْطَى قَلِيلاً وَأَكْدَىThey said: “And was in straitened circumstances” is derived from al-kadiyyah: which is the hard rock that does not crumble except with pickaxes. This one who gave little and was in straitened circumstances claims that if he is resurrected, he will give much wealth. And this is the custom of one who denies the resurrection, as in the case of the owner of the garden who said:
And even if I should be brought back to my Lord, I will surely find better than this as a return."
وَلَئِنْ رُدِدْتُ إِلَى رَبِّي لَأَجِدَنَّ خَيْراً مِنْهَا مُنْقَلَباًAllah the Exalted said: