A man entered the state of ihram and forgot to remove his trousers until he had finished his 'Umrah. Is there anything required of him?
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The Shaykh : This man says that he entered the state of ihram and forgot to remove his trousers until he had finished his 'Umrah. Is there anything required of him? No, there is nothing required of him. We have an important rule, so know it. It is not from me, nor from so-and-so, nor from so-and-so, but from Allah and His Messenger: if a person does something forbidden while ignorant, forgetful, or coerced, then there is absolutely nothing required of him, as if he had not done it, no matter what it was. Do you understand or not? Good. A person ate while fasting, forgetfully. What is the ruling? There is nothing required of him because he was forgetful. [Al-Baqarah 2:286] A man heard the call to prayer, so he ate and drank, thinking it was the call in his town, but it turned out that the call had not been made in his town, and that he had heard this call from the radio, for example. What does he do? Does he repeat the fast or not? Because he is abstaining now, is he abstaining? Does he repeat the fast or not? He does not repeat it. Why? Because he was ignorant; he did not know; he thought it was the call in his town, so he ate and drank.
Good. Is there specific evidence for this? The general evidence indicates that his fast is not invalidated, but is there specific evidence for this issue? The answer is: there is specific evidence, and it is what al-Bukhari narrated from Asma' bint Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: So these people are...
The student: excused.
The Shaykh : By what? By ignorance, by forgetfulness, by coercion. What else? By excuse. "Excuse" is broader and broader. Rest, may Allah open for you. Put your mind to it. These people are excused by what? Who knows? By ignorance. Ignorance of the time or ignorance of the ruling? Ignorance of the time. They thought the sun had set, so they broke their fast, but it turned out that it had not set. The indication from the hadith, my brothers, is that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not order them to make up the fast. If making up the fast had been obligatory, what would have happened? He would have ordered them to do it, because if making up the fast were obligatory, it would be part of the Shari'ah, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) must clarify the Shari'ah. Good. And if he had ordered them to do it, it would have been reported, but it was not reported that they were ordered to make up the fast. This indicates that if a person eats while ignorant, there is no making up the fast required of him.
Another example: 'Adi ibn Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him) wanted to fast, so he read the saying of Allah the Exalted:[Al-Baqarah 2:187] What did he do? He brought two ropes, and the two ropes are the ones used to tie a camel. He brought a black rope and a white rope and placed them under his pillow. He would eat and drink and look at the ropes. When the white became distinct from the black, he abstained. When morning came, he went to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and said: O Messenger of Allah, I did such and such. He said: Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) explained to him that the white is the whiteness of the day and the black is the darkness of the night. Did he order him to make up the fast? This man was ignorant. Ignorant of what? Of the ruling or of the time?
The student: Of the ruling.
The Shaykh : Of the ruling. That means he understood the verse in a way other than what Allah intended. So the rule, my brothers, pay attention to it so that you understand that Allah has made things easy for the servants, and so that you do not make things difficult for people: everyone who does something forbidden, complete the sentence, while ignorant, or forgetful, or coerced, there is nothing required of him.
Good. The evidence for coercion is His saying, the Exalted:[An-Nahl 16:106] And if coercion to disbelief, which is the greatest of sins, does not establish the ruling of disbelief, or does not result in the ruling of disbelief, then what is less than that is even more so. An example of coercion is if someone says to you: "Come on, break your fast now, or I will imprison you, or beat you, or kill you," and you break your fast due to the coercion. In that case, your fast is valid and there is nothing required of you.
The questioner : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, and blessings and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah, and upon his family and his Companions, and upon whoever follows his guidance.
After that: We ask Allah, Mighty and Majestic, to reward the Shaykh with the best reward, and to benefit us with what we have heard and learned, and to make it an argument for us, not against us.
The Shaykh : Amen.
The questioner : And after that.
Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have forgotten or erred.
ربنا لا تؤاخذنا إن نسينا أو أخطأناGood. Is there specific evidence for this? The general evidence indicates that his fast is not invalidated, but is there specific evidence for this issue? The answer is: there is specific evidence, and it is what al-Bukhari narrated from Asma' bint Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said:
We broke our fast on a cloudy day during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), then the sun rose
أفطرنا في يوم غيم على عهد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ثم طلعت الشمسThe student: excused.
The Shaykh : By what? By ignorance, by forgetfulness, by coercion. What else? By excuse. "Excuse" is broader and broader. Rest, may Allah open for you. Put your mind to it. These people are excused by what? Who knows? By ignorance. Ignorance of the time or ignorance of the ruling? Ignorance of the time. They thought the sun had set, so they broke their fast, but it turned out that it had not set. The indication from the hadith, my brothers, is that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not order them to make up the fast. If making up the fast had been obligatory, what would have happened? He would have ordered them to do it, because if making up the fast were obligatory, it would be part of the Shari'ah, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) must clarify the Shari'ah. Good. And if he had ordered them to do it, it would have been reported, but it was not reported that they were ordered to make up the fast. This indicates that if a person eats while ignorant, there is no making up the fast required of him.
Another example: 'Adi ibn Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him) wanted to fast, so he read the saying of Allah the Exalted:
So now, have relations with them and seek that which Allah has decreed for you. And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]
فالآن باشروهن وابتغوا ما كتب الله لكم وكلوا واشربوا حتى يتبين لكم الخيط الأبيض من الخيط الأسود من الفجرIndeed, your pillow is wide, if you spread out the white and the black threads.
إنك وسادك لعريض أن وسع الخيطين الأبيض والأسودThe student: Of the ruling.
The Shaykh : Of the ruling. That means he understood the verse in a way other than what Allah intended. So the rule, my brothers, pay attention to it so that you understand that Allah has made things easy for the servants, and so that you do not make things difficult for people: everyone who does something forbidden, complete the sentence, while ignorant, or forgetful, or coerced, there is nothing required of him.
Good. The evidence for coercion is His saying, the Exalted:
Whoever disbelieves in Allah after his belief... except for one who is forced [to renounce his religion] while his heart is secure in faith. But those who [willingly] open their breasts to disbelief, upon them is wrath from Allah, and for them is a great punishment;
مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِهِ إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ وَلَكِنْ مَنْ شَرَحَ بِالْكُفْرِ صَدْرًا فَعَلَيْهِمْ غَضَبٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌThe questioner : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, and blessings and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah, and upon his family and his Companions, and upon whoever follows his guidance.
After that: We ask Allah, Mighty and Majestic, to reward the Shaykh with the best reward, and to benefit us with what we have heard and learned, and to make it an argument for us, not against us.
The Shaykh : Amen.
The questioner : And after that.
