The Vow of Obedience and Its Ruling
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The Shaykh : The second section: The vow of obedience. A vow of obedience is one of prayer, charity, fasting, Hajj, 'Umrah, or kindness to parents, or maintaining family ties. The important thing is that a person makes a vow of obedience. What is required of him? He must fulfill it, and it is obligatory. This vow that he made has become obligatory for him. For example, a man says, "I have vowed to Allah that I will give ten dirhams in charity today." This is a vow of obedience. And what is it?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What is the obedience here? It is charity; that he gives ten dirhams in charity. He is now required to give ten dirhams in charity on that specific day, because he specified it. Therefore, he is required to give ten dirhams in charity. If he does not do so—if he does not do so—I fear that the words of Allah the Exalted will befall him:[At-Tawbah 9:77].
The evidence for the obligation of fulfilling a vow of obedience is the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):Sahih al-Bukhari 6696
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What is the obedience here? It is charity; that he gives ten dirhams in charity. He is now required to give ten dirhams in charity on that specific day, because he specified it. Therefore, he is required to give ten dirhams in charity. If he does not do so—if he does not do so—I fear that the words of Allah the Exalted will befall him:
So He penalized them with hypocrisy in their hearts until the Day they will meet Him
فأعقبهم نفاقا في قلوبهم إلى يوم يلقونهThe evidence for the obligation of fulfilling a vow of obedience is the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):