Mentioning the benefit of the verse: The Muslim deceased is prayed over, along with mentioning the ruling, method, and virtue of the funeral prayer.
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The Shaykh : In this verse, there are benefits: Among them is that the Muslim deceased is prayed over, and so it is with the funeral prayer—the funeral prayer for a Muslim is a collective obligation. If those who are sufficient perform it, it drops from the rest. And if it is prayed over the first time, all those who participated in this prayer have fulfilled an obligation. What type of obligation is this? A collective obligation. So, is it obligatory or permissible to pray over a Muslim? It is obligatory, because it is a right of a Muslim over his brother. And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) informed us that Sahih Muslim 948 Praise be to Allah, a blessing, meaning that forty men stood over his funeral and they were saying: O Allah, forgive him, O Allah, have mercy on him, until the end of the supplication. Allah will intercede for them, He will forgive him and have mercy on him. So said the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). But he imposed a heavy condition. What is the condition? Sunan Abi Dawud 3170Sahih (Al-Albani) The one who is free from that is rare, except the one who says in his oath, "By the Prophet, I will do such and such." Does this fall under this hadith? No, it does not. The intercession of the deceased does not benefit him, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) qualified it, saying: Sunan Abi Dawud 3170Sahih (Al-Albani) And do not think, O brothers, that sincerity is easy. Sincerity is the hardest thing for a person. I ask Allah to grant us and you sincerity. Some of the Salaf (the earliest generations) said: "I have not striven with myself over anything as I have striven with it over sincerity".
So, if praying over a Muslim is obligatory, is it forbidden for a disbeliever? It is forbidden for the hypocrite whose hypocrisy we know; it is forbidden[At-Tawbah 9:84].
So, a man is brought to be prayed over who died while not praying. We know that he does not pray, neither in the mosque nor in the house. Is it permissible to pray over him? No, it is forbidden to pray over him, even if all of creation prayed over him, this prayer would not benefit him.
First: The people are addressed and it is said, "Do not pray over so-and-so."
Second: As for him, he will not benefit from this, because he is a disbeliever, and a disbeliever does not benefit from any of the righteous deeds, neither from the deeds of others nor from his own deeds.
Be careful, O brother. If a man is brought to you to be prayed over, and you know that he does not pray in the mosque, but you do not know whether he prays in his house or not? And perhaps it is said to you, "He does not pray in the house either," but you are not certain. Do you pray over him? Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, we say: Pray over him with the condition. Pray over him with the condition. How with the condition? You say: O Allah, if he was a believer, then forgive him and have mercy on him. O Allah, if he was a believer, then forgive him and have mercy on him. And Allah the Exalted knows whether he is a believer or not, is that not so? If he was a believer, He will intercede for you in his case, if you do not associate anything with Allah. And if he was not a believer, then you are free from him. You say: If he was a believer, then forgive him and have mercy on him.
If any Muslim dies and forty men who associate nothing with Allah stand over his prayer (they offer prayer over him), Allah will accept them as intercessors for him.
ما من رجل مسلم يموت فيقوم على جنازته أربعون رجلا لا يشركون بالله شيئا إلا شفعهم الله فيهassociate nothing with Allah
لا يشركون بالله شيئاassociate nothing with Allah
لا يشركون بالله شيئاSo, if praying over a Muslim is obligatory, is it forbidden for a disbeliever? It is forbidden for the hypocrite whose hypocrisy we know; it is forbidden
And do not pray [the funeral prayer, O Muhammad], over any of them who has died - ever
لا تصل على أحد منهم مات أبداSo, a man is brought to be prayed over who died while not praying. We know that he does not pray, neither in the mosque nor in the house. Is it permissible to pray over him? No, it is forbidden to pray over him, even if all of creation prayed over him, this prayer would not benefit him.
First: The people are addressed and it is said, "Do not pray over so-and-so."
Second: As for him, he will not benefit from this, because he is a disbeliever, and a disbeliever does not benefit from any of the righteous deeds, neither from the deeds of others nor from his own deeds.
Be careful, O brother. If a man is brought to you to be prayed over, and you know that he does not pray in the mosque, but you do not know whether he prays in his house or not? And perhaps it is said to you, "He does not pray in the house either," but you are not certain. Do you pray over him? Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, we say: Pray over him with the condition. Pray over him with the condition. How with the condition? You say: O Allah, if he was a believer, then forgive him and have mercy on him. O Allah, if he was a believer, then forgive him and have mercy on him. And Allah the Exalted knows whether he is a believer or not, is that not so? If he was a believer, He will intercede for you in his case, if you do not associate anything with Allah. And if he was not a believer, then you are free from him. You say: If he was a believer, then forgive him and have mercy on him.