If one leaves out an obligatory act in the prayer, for example: one who forgets the first tashahhud
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The Shaykh : All right. An example of a deficiency: a man is praying, for instance, the Zuhr prayer, and he stands up from the first tashahhud—the first tashahhud that comes after the second rak'ah—and he stands up without sitting. We say: If you remember before you stand up, go back. If you remember after you have stood up, do not go back, whether you have started reciting al-Fatihah or not. Did you understand that now? All right, this is a man who stood up from the first tashahhud. We tell him: If you remember before you have fully stood up, go back, perform the tashahhud, and continue your prayer. If you remember after you have stood up, do not go back; continue your prayer. In this second case, meaning if you do not remember until after you have stood up, we say: Do not go back, complete the prayer, and prostrate two prostrations before the taslim. Prostrate two prostrations before the taslim.
Now, I did not mention the hadith of 'Abdullah ibn Buhaynah (may Allah be pleased with him) and this is the very same issue. The scholars said: "And likewise, every obligatory act that a person leaves out due to forgetfulness, he does not return to it if he has left its place, and he prostrates for forgetfulness before the taslim". An example: He forgot to say "Subhan Rabbi al-'Azeem" (Glory be to my Lord, the Exalted) in the ruku'. And when he said "Sami' Allahu li man hamidah" (Allah hears the one who praises Him), he remembered that he had forgotten to say "Subhan Rabbi al-'Azeem." Does he bow again to say "Subhan Rabbi al-'Azeem"? He does not bow, because he has left its place, but he prostrates for forgetfulness before he says the taslim.
So the rule now is: If one leaves out an obligatory act out of forgetfulness until he has left its place, he does not return to it. But he prostrates two prostrations for forgetfulness before the taslim, and its evidence is the hadith of 'Abdullah ibn Buhaynah (may Allah be pleased with him). How many is this? Three.
Now, I did not mention the hadith of 'Abdullah ibn Buhaynah (may Allah be pleased with him)
That the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed the Zuhr prayer with them, and he stood up from the two rak'ahs without sitting. When he finished the prayer and the people were waiting for his taslim, he said takbir and prostrated two prostrations, then he said the taslim.
أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صلى بهم صلاة الظهر فقام من الركعتين فلم يجلس فلما قضى الصلاة وانتظر الناس تسليمه كبر فسجد سجدتين ثم سلمSo the rule now is: If one leaves out an obligatory act out of forgetfulness until he has left its place, he does not return to it. But he prostrates two prostrations for forgetfulness before the taslim, and its evidence is the hadith of 'Abdullah ibn Buhaynah (may Allah be pleased with him). How many is this? Three.