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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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Many people pray two rak'ahs after the adhan, especially on Friday, even though they have already prayed the greeting of the mosque. What is the ruling on this prayer?

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The questioner : This questioner says: I see many people praying two rak'ahs after the adhan, specifically on Friday, even though they have already prayed the two rak'ahs of the greeting. What is the ruling on this prayer? May Allah reward you with good.

The Shaykh : As for prayer on days other than Friday between the adhan and the iqamah, it is prescribed for all the prayers, based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
Between every two calls (to prayer) there is a Salat بين كل أذانين صلاة
Jami` at-Tirmidhi 185Sahih (Darussalam)
.
As for Friday, there is no prayer after its adhan. When the adhan is called, it is called before the imam, and when the mu'adhdhin finishes his adhan, the imam begins the khutbah. Therefore, it is not possible for a person to stand and pray after the second adhan of Friday. As for the first adhan, it is before the imam arrives, but about an hour or forty-five minutes before his arrival, or something similar. So if someone stands and prays, there is no blame on him, but he should not intend it as a regular voluntary prayer (sunnah rawatib), because the first adhan was only established by the Commander of the Faithful, 'Uthman ibn 'Affan (may Allah be pleased with him).
However, there is a prohibited matter that some people do. They sit in the mosque waiting for the imam to arrive, and when the time approaches the zenith, they stand and pray two rak'ahs. This is not permissible, because when the time approaches the zenith, it becomes a time of prohibition, and in a time of prohibition, absolute prayer is not permissible; only prayer with a specific cause is permissible. Yes.

The questioner : May Allah reward you, O honorable Shaykh, and may Allah bless you and your knowledge, and benefit the Muslims through you.
Source alathar.net

The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.

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