The Adhan of One Who Missed the Prayer: Is It Obligatory or Not? Because the Command for It Is Mentioned in the Hadith of the One Who Was Taught His Prayer, and the Command Indicates Obligation, as Some Scholars Say.
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The questioner : Your Eminence, there is a question directed to one of the scholars regarding the ruling on the adhan of one who missed the prayer.
The Shaykh : What?
The questioner : Regarding the ruling on the adhan of one who missed the prayer. The one who missed the prayer says that it is obligatory because it is established in the hadith of the one who was taught his prayer that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded him to perform the adhan and then the iqamah, and the command indicates obligation since there is no factor diverting it from that meaning. So what is the ruling? He says in the fatwa, and the scholars say that even if he is in a mosque with a regular imam, when he arrives, he should perform the adhan, then the iqamah, and then pray.
The Shaykh : We say to him first: prove what you claimed, that the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded the one who was taught his prayer to perform the adhan and the iqamah. This is one point.
If it is established that he commanded him to do so, then we say: yes, perhaps the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded him to do so because this man arrived in Madinah after the people had already called the adhan, and he had not heard the adhan because he was, for example, in the desert approaching the city.
And we say: if a person arrives in Madinah and the adhan has already taken place while he was in the desert, and he did not hear the adhan, and he is not in a town where we would say that the adhan of the people is sufficient for him, then we command him that when he comes and enters the mosque, he should perform the adhan, but a light adhan that only those with him can hear, so as not to cause disturbance.
As for if he is in the town, the adhan of the Muslims is sufficient for him. The man who entered while the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was with his companions, and it was saidSahih Ibn Hibban 10:694, did not perform the adhan, and the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) did not command him to perform the adhan.
The conclusion is that we say: if a person comes and has missed the prayer, if he is in the town, the adhan of the Muslims is sufficient for him because the adhan is a notification of the entry of the time of prayer, and that has already occurred. But if he is outside the town, he performs the adhan while outside the town, like a traveler who arrives in the town and finds that the people have already prayed. In this case, we say it is prescribed that he performs the adhan, but the adhan should be to the extent that only those with him can hear it, so as not to disturb the people. As for the iqamah, it is a recommended practice (sunnah) even for one who missed the prayer and is in the town, because the iqamah is a notification of standing up for prayer, not of the entry of the time.
So everyone who intends to establish the prayer performs the iqamah. And with this, the session ends. The adhan is the topic we are discussing now. So praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may Allah send blessings and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and his companions, and those who follow them with excellence until the Day of Resurrection.
The Shaykh : What?
The questioner : Regarding the ruling on the adhan of one who missed the prayer. The one who missed the prayer says that it is obligatory because it is established in the hadith of the one who was taught his prayer that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded him to perform the adhan and then the iqamah, and the command indicates obligation since there is no factor diverting it from that meaning. So what is the ruling? He says in the fatwa, and the scholars say that even if he is in a mosque with a regular imam, when he arrives, he should perform the adhan, then the iqamah, and then pray.
The Shaykh : We say to him first: prove what you claimed, that the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded the one who was taught his prayer to perform the adhan and the iqamah. This is one point.
If it is established that he commanded him to do so, then we say: yes, perhaps the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded him to do so because this man arrived in Madinah after the people had already called the adhan, and he had not heard the adhan because he was, for example, in the desert approaching the city.
And we say: if a person arrives in Madinah and the adhan has already taken place while he was in the desert, and he did not hear the adhan, and he is not in a town where we would say that the adhan of the people is sufficient for him, then we command him that when he comes and enters the mosque, he should perform the adhan, but a light adhan that only those with him can hear, so as not to cause disturbance.
As for if he is in the town, the adhan of the Muslims is sufficient for him. The man who entered while the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was with his companions, and it was said
Who will give charity to this man and pray with him
من يتصدق على هذا فيصلي معهThe conclusion is that we say: if a person comes and has missed the prayer, if he is in the town, the adhan of the Muslims is sufficient for him because the adhan is a notification of the entry of the time of prayer, and that has already occurred. But if he is outside the town, he performs the adhan while outside the town, like a traveler who arrives in the town and finds that the people have already prayed. In this case, we say it is prescribed that he performs the adhan, but the adhan should be to the extent that only those with him can hear it, so as not to disturb the people. As for the iqamah, it is a recommended practice (sunnah) even for one who missed the prayer and is in the town, because the iqamah is a notification of standing up for prayer, not of the entry of the time.
So everyone who intends to establish the prayer performs the iqamah. And with this, the session ends. The adhan is the topic we are discussing now. So praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may Allah send blessings and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and his companions, and those who follow them with excellence until the Day of Resurrection.