The ruling on the adhan for one who missed the congregational prayer
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May Allah reward you, O Shaykh! What is the ruling on the adhan for one who missed the congregational prayer, whether he is alone or in a group? And if the prayer is delayed, is the adhan delayed accordingly, or is it at the time the prayer begins?
As for the adhan for one person, it is a recommended practice (sunnah) and not obligatory; because the adhan is for announcing the entry of the time and calling to prayer, and the one person knows by himself. But if they are a group, the adhan is obligatory for them, whether in residence or in travel; but in residence, the adhan of the people is sufficient, and in travel, they must give the adhan; because when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) told Malik ibn al-Huwayrith and those with him to depart, he said: (When the prayer time comes, let one of you give the adhan) So he commanded the adhan of one of them.
And on this basis, it is obligatory for those who are in travel or on an outing and do not hear the adhan of the town to give the adhan.
And as for whether it is at the entry of the time or at the performance of the prayer?So we say: It is at the performance of the prayer, except if you are in the town, then you must give the adhan at the time; because the people may not want to delay, and the evidence for this is what is established in the two Sahihs that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was in travel,So Bilal stood up to give the adhan, and he said to him: (Cool it down) and that was in the heat of the day,Then he wanted to give the adhan, and he said to him: (Cool it down) twice or three times, until they saw the shadow of the hills, then he permitted him to give the adhan, so that indicates that it follows the prayer; but in the town it follows the time; because the people are not agreed that they will delay the prayer, so the adhan is given at the beginning of the time, and whoever has a valid religious excuse and delays the prayer, there is no blame on him.
As for the adhan for one person, it is a recommended practice (sunnah) and not obligatory; because the adhan is for announcing the entry of the time and calling to prayer, and the one person knows by himself. But if they are a group, the adhan is obligatory for them, whether in residence or in travel; but in residence, the adhan of the people is sufficient, and in travel, they must give the adhan; because when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) told Malik ibn al-Huwayrith and those with him to depart, he said: (When the prayer time comes, let one of you give the adhan) So he commanded the adhan of one of them.
And on this basis, it is obligatory for those who are in travel or on an outing and do not hear the adhan of the town to give the adhan.
And as for whether it is at the entry of the time or at the performance of the prayer?So we say: It is at the performance of the prayer, except if you are in the town, then you must give the adhan at the time; because the people may not want to delay, and the evidence for this is what is established in the two Sahihs that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was in travel,So Bilal stood up to give the adhan, and he said to him: (Cool it down) and that was in the heat of the day,Then he wanted to give the adhan, and he said to him: (Cool it down) twice or three times, until they saw the shadow of the hills, then he permitted him to give the adhan, so that indicates that it follows the prayer; but in the town it follows the time; because the people are not agreed that they will delay the prayer, so the adhan is given at the beginning of the time, and whoever has a valid religious excuse and delays the prayer, there is no blame on him.