Exegesis of the saying of Allah the Exalted: [They are given to drink from a pure wine, sealed] to the end of the chapter of al-Mutaffifin.
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The Shaykh : And we continue with the chapter of al-Mutaffifin where we stopped at the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He: [Al-Mutaffifin 83:25-26]. The pronoun in His saying means the righteous; Allah, Mighty and Majestic, gives them to drink through the hands of the servants whom Allah described in His saying: [Al-Waqi'ah 56:17-19].
[Al-Mutaffifin 83:25]: That is, from a pure drink with no admixture, no harm to the intellect, and no pain in the head, unlike the drink of this world, which attacks the intellect and splits the head. As for this, it is a pure wine with no harm in it.
[Al-Mutaffifin 83:25-26]: That is, its seal and its end is musk, meaning a pleasant scent, unlike the wine of this world, which has a foul smell.
So these people, the righteous, because they restrained themselves from the pleasures that Allah forbade them in this world, they will be given them on the Day of Resurrection.
: That is, in this reward and recompense, let those who compete compete, meaning let those who race race a race that reaches the limit of the soul, which is an expression for speed in racing. It is said, "I raced him a race that reached the limit of the soul."
And competing in good is racing toward the obedience of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, and toward what pleases Allah, Glorified and Exalted, and distancing oneself from what angers Allah.
Then He said, Mighty and Majestic:[Al-Mutaffifin 83:27-28]: Its mixture, this drink that these righteous ones are given, is from tasanim, meaning from a high spring in meaning and sensation. This is because the rivers of Paradise gush forth from al-Firdaws, and al-Firdaws is the highest and the middle of Paradise, and above it is the Throne of the Lord, Mighty and Majestic, as established from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
So this drink is mixed with this goodness that comes from tasanim, meaning from the elevated, high place, which is the Garden of Eden.[Al-Mutaffifin 83:28] That is, this spring, the gushing waters, and the flowing rivers are drunk by those brought near.
And here someone will ask: Why did He say "drunk by" (shariba biha)? Is it a vessel that carries it, such that it is said "drunk with the vessel"? The answer is no, because the spring and the river are not carried. So why did He not say "drunk from it" (minha) by those brought near? The answer to this difficulty is from one of two angles:
Some of the scholars said that the preposition "by" (bi) means "from" (min), meaning "drunk from it."
And some of them said that "drinks" (yashrabu) means "is quenched" (yurwa); it carries the meaning of being quenched. So the meaning of "drunk by" is "quenched by" those brought near. This meaning, or this angle, is better than the previous angle, because this angle includes two things, meaning its preference, and they are:
First: keeping the preposition with its original meaning. And second: that the verb "drinks" carries a higher meaning than drinking, which is quenching. How many a person drinks and is not quenched, but if he is quenched, he has drunk. And on this basis, the second angle is better, which is that the verb "drinks" implies "is quenched."
[Al-Mutaffifin 83:29]: Indeed, those who committed crimes, meaning they committed the crime, which is disobedience and transgression, were, in this world, among those who believed, laughing in mockery, ridicule, and belittling of them. And when they passed by them, they winked at one another. When they passed by, is the subject those who committed crimes or those who believed? The verse is suitable for both, meaning it is correct that either the believers passed by the criminals or the criminals passed by the believers. The rule that you should understand in exegesis is that if a verse can be understood in two ways that do not contradict each other, it must be taken to mean both, because that is more comprehensive. Do you understand this? [Al-Mutaffifin 83:30] From the passerby, a question directed to you.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : It is possible that the criminals passed by the believers, or that the believers passed by the criminals. So if we attribute both, the meaning is that when the criminals passed by the believers who were sitting, they winked at one another, and when the believers passed by the criminals who were sitting, they also winked at one another. So it covers both cases: the case of the criminals passing by the believers and the case of the believers passing by the criminals. Winking means they pinch each other. Look at these people, in mockery, ridicule, and belittling.
[Al-Mutaffifin 83:31] When the criminals returned to their families, they returned joking, meaning they joked about what they had gotten from mocking these believers. So they mock and ridicule and joke about this, thinking that they succeeded and that they overcame the believers, but the matter is the opposite.
Then He said, the Exalted:[Al-Mutaffifin 83:32] When they see them, meaning when the criminals see the believers, they are astray from the truth, lagging behind, strict, severe, and so on from the titles.
And indeed, these predecessors of the Salaf had successors in our time today, before it, and after it, among people who say about the people of good that they are reactionaries, that they are backward, and they say about the committed one that he is severe and strict. And above all this, those who said to the messengers that they are sorcerers or madmen.
Allah, the Exalted, said:[Adh-Dhariyat 51:52] So the heirs of the messengers, from the people of knowledge and religion, will receive from the enemies of the messengers what the messengers received of bad titles and mockery, and the like of that.
And from this is the titling of the people of innovation, the people of denial of the attributes, of the Salaf, the people of affirming the attributes, as anthropomorphists, corporealists, likeners, and the like of those bad titles by which they repel people from the straight path.
[Al-Mutaffifin 83:32-33] That is, these criminals were not sent as guardians over these people to watch them and judge them, but the judgment belongs to Allah, Mighty and Majestic.
Then He said, the Exalted:[Al-Mutaffifin 83:34] And this, by Allah, is the laughter after which there is no weeping. As for the laughter of the criminals at the believers in this world, it will be followed by weeping, sadness, woe, and misery.
[Al-Mutaffifin 83:23] That is, the believers are on the couches in Paradise, and the couches are the luxurious, beautiful, and fine beds.
[Al-Mutaffifin 83:23] That is, they look at what Allah has prepared for them of reward, and they look at those who mocked them in this world, as Allah, the Exalted, said: [As-Saffat 37:51-54] He says to the companions of Paradise, showing them, that they look at their companion who used to deny the resurrection and lie about it in this world, [As-Saffat 37:55] in the bottom and root of it. He said to him: [As-Saffat 37:56-57].
So you see now that the believers see the disbelievers while they are being punished in the bottom of the Fire, and the believers are in Paradise. He said:[Al-Mutaffifin 83:23] So they look at two things. The first thing is what Allah has prepared for them of bliss, including looking at the Face of Allah, Mighty and Majestic.
And the second: they look at these liars who used to mock them and ridicule them in this world. They look at them while they are in the punishment of Allah. Then He said, the Exalted:[Al-Mutaffifin 83:36] Thawwib, meaning recompensed. And the "that" (ha) here is for confirmation, meaning that Allah, the Exalted, has recompensed the disbelievers and judged them for their deeds in this world. And He, Glorified and Exalted is He, is a just Judge, so His judgment revolves between justice and grace. As for those who believed, His judgment and recompense is grace. And as for the disbelievers, His judgment and recompense is justice. So praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds.
And with this, the speech that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, made easy regarding the chapter of al-Mutaffifin is complete. We ask Allah, the Exalted, to benefit us and you with it and to make us among those who take admonition and give admonition.
And now it is the time for questions, and we start with the brother now. We are done with the brothers, so do not wait in the mosque, in the grand mosque.
The student: In the grand mosque.
The Shaykh : Yes, yes.
(25) They will be given to drink [pure] wine [which was] sealed. (26) The last of it is musk. So for this let the competitors compete.
يُسقون من رحيق مختوم ختامه مسك وفي ذلك فليتنافس المتنافسونThey are given to drink
يسقون(17) There will circulate among them young boys made eternal (18) With vessels, pitchers and a cup [of wine] from a flowing spring - (19) No headache will they have therefrom, nor will they be intoxicated -
يطوف عليهم ولدان مخلدون بأكواب وأباريق وكأس من معين لا يصدعون عنها ولا يُنزَفونThey will be given to drink
يسقون من رحيق[which was] sealed. (26) The last of it is musk
مختوم ختامه مسكSo these people, the righteous, because they restrained themselves from the pleasures that Allah forbade them in this world, they will be given them on the Day of Resurrection.
And in that, let those who compete compete.
وفي ذلك فليتنافس المتنافسونAnd competing in good is racing toward the obedience of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, and toward what pleases Allah, Glorified and Exalted, and distancing oneself from what angers Allah.
Then He said, Mighty and Majestic:
(27) And its mixture is of Tasneem, (28) A spring from which those near [to Allah] drink.
ومزاجه من تسنيم عينا يشرب بها المقربونSo this drink is mixed with this goodness that comes from tasanim, meaning from the elevated, high place, which is the Garden of Eden.
A spring from which those near [to Allah] drink.
عينا يشرب بها المقربونAnd here someone will ask: Why did He say "drunk by" (shariba biha)? Is it a vessel that carries it, such that it is said "drunk with the vessel"? The answer is no, because the spring and the river are not carried. So why did He not say "drunk from it" (minha) by those brought near? The answer to this difficulty is from one of two angles:
Some of the scholars said that the preposition "by" (bi) means "from" (min), meaning "drunk from it."
And some of them said that "drinks" (yashrabu) means "is quenched" (yurwa); it carries the meaning of being quenched. So the meaning of "drunk by" is "quenched by" those brought near. This meaning, or this angle, is better than the previous angle, because this angle includes two things, meaning its preference, and they are:
First: keeping the preposition with its original meaning. And second: that the verb "drinks" carries a higher meaning than drinking, which is quenching. How many a person drinks and is not quenched, but if he is quenched, he has drunk. And on this basis, the second angle is better, which is that the verb "drinks" implies "is quenched."
Indeed, those who committed crimes used to laugh at those who believed.
إن الذين أجرموا كانوا من الذين آمنوا يضحكونAnd when they passed by them, they would exchange derisive glances.
إذا مروا بهم يتغامزونThe student: ...
The Shaykh : It is possible that the criminals passed by the believers, or that the believers passed by the criminals. So if we attribute both, the meaning is that when the criminals passed by the believers who were sitting, they winked at one another, and when the believers passed by the criminals who were sitting, they also winked at one another. So it covers both cases: the case of the criminals passing by the believers and the case of the believers passing by the criminals. Winking means they pinch each other. Look at these people, in mockery, ridicule, and belittling.
And when they returned to their people, they would return jesting.
وإذا انقلبوا إلى أهلهم انقلبوا فكهينThen He said, the Exalted:
And when they saw them, they would say, "Indeed, those are truly lost."
وإذا رأوهم قالوا إن هؤلاء لضالونThey said, “Indeed, these are lost.”
قالوا إن هؤلاء لضالونAnd indeed, these predecessors of the Salaf had successors in our time today, before it, and after it, among people who say about the people of good that they are reactionaries, that they are backward, and they say about the committed one that he is severe and strict. And above all this, those who said to the messengers that they are sorcerers or madmen.
Allah, the Exalted, said:
Similarly, there came not to those before them any messenger except that they said, "A magician or a madman."
كذلك ما أتى الذين من قبلهم من رسول إلا قالوا ساحر أو مجنونAnd from this is the titling of the people of innovation, the people of denial of the attributes, of the Salaf, the people of affirming the attributes, as anthropomorphists, corporealists, likeners, and the like of those bad titles by which they repel people from the straight path.
(32) And when they saw them, they would say, "Indeed, those are truly lost." (33) But they had not been sent as guardians over them.
وإذا رأوهم قالوا إن هؤلاء لضالون وما أرسلوا عليهم حافظينThen He said, the Exalted:
So Today those who believed are laughing at the disbelievers,
فاليوم الذين آمنوا من الكفار يضحكونOn adorned couches, observing.
على الأرائك ينظرونOn adorned couches, observing.
على الأرائك ينظرون(51) A speaker among them will say, "Indeed, I had a companion [on earth] (52) Who would say, 'Are you indeed of those who believe (53) That when we have died and become dust and bones, we will indeed be recompensed?'" (54) He will say, "Would you [care to] look?"
قال قائل منهم إني كان لي قرين * يقول أإنك لمن المصدقين * أإذا متنا وكنا ترابا وعظاما أإنا لمدينون * قال هل أنتم مطلعونAnd he will look and see him in the midst of the Hellfire.
فاطلع فرآه في سواء الجحيم(56) He will say, "By Allah, you almost ruined me. (57) If not for the favor of my Lord, I would have been of those brought in [to Hell].
تالله إن كدت لتردين ولولا نعمة ربي لكنت من المحضرينSo you see now that the believers see the disbelievers while they are being punished in the bottom of the Fire, and the believers are in Paradise. He said:
On adorned couches, observing.
على الأرائك ينظرونAnd the second: they look at these liars who used to mock them and ridicule them in this world. They look at them while they are in the punishment of Allah. Then He said, the Exalted:
Have the disbelievers [not] been rewarded [this Day] for what they used to do?
هل ثوّب الكفار ما كانوا يفعلونAnd with this, the speech that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, made easy regarding the chapter of al-Mutaffifin is complete. We ask Allah, the Exalted, to benefit us and you with it and to make us among those who take admonition and give admonition.
And now it is the time for questions, and we start with the brother now. We are done with the brothers, so do not wait in the mosque, in the grand mosque.
The student: In the grand mosque.
The Shaykh : Yes, yes.