What is the ruling on the adhan for one who missed the congregation, whether he is alone or in a group? And if the prayer is delayed, when is the adhan called?

The questioner : May Allah reward you, O Shaykh. What is the ruling on the adhan for one who missed the congregation, whether he is alone or in a group? And if the prayer is delayed, is the adhan delayed accordingly, or is it called at the time the prayer begins?

The Shaykh : Yes. As for the adhan for one person, it is a recommended practice (sunnah) and not obligatory, because the adhan is for announcing the entry of the time and calling to prayer, and one person is calling himself. But if they are a group, the adhan is obligatory for them, whether in residence or in travel. However, in residence, the adhan of the people is sufficient, and in travel, they must call the adhan, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), when he permitted Malik ibn al-Huwayrith and those with him to depart, said: So he ordered one of them to call the adhan. Accordingly, it is obligatory for those who are in travel or on an excursion and do not hear the adhan of the town to call the adhan.
As for whether it is at the entry of the time or at the performance of the prayer? We say: it is at the performance of the prayer, except if you are in the town, then you must call the adhan at the time, because the people may not want to delay. The evidence for this is what is established in the authentic hadith , which indicates that it follows the prayer. But in the town, it follows the time, because the people are not agreed upon to delay the prayer, so the adhan is called at the beginning of the time. And whoever has a valid legal excuse and delays, there is no blame on him, meaning: he delayed the prayer. Yes.