Continuation of the explanation of the hadith of Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Avoid the seven destructive sins." It was said: "O Messenger of Allah, what are they?" He said: "Associating partners with Allah"
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The Shaykh : Consuming usury or interest is also among the destructive sins. Linguistically, riba means increase, and in the Shari'ah it means an excess or increase in items in which the Shari'ah has prohibited increase. These items are the ribawi commodities. We have previously discussed whether they are known by count or by measure? There are two opinions among the scholars. The people of the apparent meaning say they are known by count, and they are the six categories mentioned by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in his saying: Sunan ad-Daraqutni 13:69 These are six Sahih Muslim 1584d .
Some of them said—and they are the people of analogical reasoning—that they are known by the limit. Then they differed on what that limit is. It was said it is food and weight, it was said it is measure and weight, and it was said it is sustenance along with measure or weight. Some of the people of analogical reasoning held to restricting it to the six categories: gold, silver, wheat, barley, dates, and salt. They reasoned that the scholars differed on the operative cause, and there is no decisive text, so the operative cause must be unknown and one must restrict oneself to what came in the text.
The scholars say that riba is of two types: riba al-fadl (usury of excess in a like-for-like exchange) and riba al-nasi'ah (usury of deferment). If there is an excess, it is riba al-fadl. If there is equality with a delay in taking possession of what must be taken in the place of the contract, it is riba al-nasi'ah.
He said: It is among the major sins, by the saying of Allah Blessed and Exalted is He: [Al-Anfal 8:15-16] And thus, the Noble Qur'an has specified the generality of the hadith. With what? With His saying: [Al-Anfal 8:16] So it is excluded from His saying: what was a turning away for fighting or a joining of a group.
The seventh:Sahih Muslim 89 Accusation means throwing the charge of fornication. Chaste women: the chaste ones. Unaware: distant from what they are accused of. Believing: the opposite of disbelieving. It was also said: Chaste women: the free women, Unaware: the chaste ones, and Believing: the opposite of disbelieving.
Is the accusation of a chaste, unaware, believing man like that? The answer: Yes, it is like it, but the women were mentioned because the accusation of them is common, unlike men.
And eating riba
وأكل الرباGold for gold, silver for silver, dates for dates, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, and salt for salt
الذهب بالذهب، والفضة بالفضة، والتمر بالتمر، والبر بالبر، والشعير بالشعير ، والملح بالملحor of the same quality
مثلاً بمثل سواءً بسواءSome of them said—and they are the people of analogical reasoning—that they are known by the limit. Then they differed on what that limit is. It was said it is food and weight, it was said it is measure and weight, and it was said it is sustenance along with measure or weight. Some of the people of analogical reasoning held to restricting it to the six categories: gold, silver, wheat, barley, dates, and salt. They reasoned that the scholars differed on the operative cause, and there is no decisive text, so the operative cause must be unknown and one must restrict oneself to what came in the text.
The scholars say that riba is of two types: riba al-fadl (usury of excess in a like-for-like exchange) and riba al-nasi'ah (usury of deferment). If there is an excess, it is riba al-fadl. If there is equality with a delay in taking possession of what must be taken in the place of the contract, it is riba al-nasi'ah.
He said:
Turning one's back on the day of battle
والتولي يوم الزحف(15) O you who have believed, when you meet those who disbelieve advancing [for battle], do not turn to them your backs [in flight]. (16) And whoever turns his back to them on such a day, unless swerving [as a strategy] for war or joining [another] company, has certainly returned with anger [upon him] from Allah, and his refuge is Hell - and wretched is the destination.
يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا لقيتم الذين كفروا زحفاً فلا تولوهم الأدبار ومن يولهم يومئذ دبره إلا متحرفاً لقتال أو متحيزاً إلى فئة فقد باء بغضب من الله ومأواه جهنم وبئس المصيرunless swerving [as a strategy] for war or joining [another] company
إلا متحرفاً لقتال أو متحيزاً إلى فئةTurning one's back on the day of battle
التولي يوم الزحفThe seventh:
slandering chaste women who are believers, but unwary
قذف المحصنات الغافلات المؤمناتIs the accusation of a chaste, unaware, believing man like that? The answer: Yes, it is like it, but the women were mentioned because the accusation of them is common, unlike men.