Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "Like directions and measures, and what *** is formed from a verb, like marama (a place of throwing) from rama (to throw)."
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The Shaykh : For example: "Like directions" What are the directions?
The student: The known ones.
The Shaykh : How many directions are there?
The student: Six.
The Shaykh : Six, the directions are six: right and left, front and back, above and below. Every person is surrounded by six directions. Now, what is between the left and the right?
The student: Front or back.
The Shaykh : Front or back, correct, front or back. But Waleed says: West, right? Who said West? ...
The student: Yes, I did.
The Shaykh : You?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : That is not correct, it is North or West. Now, if I turn toward the South, which is between my right and my left, is it North of the West or the South?
The student: The South.
The Shaykh : Yes, the South. In any case, the directions are six. These are the main directions: right, left, above, below, front, and back. All of these are adverbs of place. I sat in front of you, I sat behind you, I sat to your right, I sat to your left or your left side, it makes no difference. I went up to the roof, I slept where?
The student: Under the tree.
The Shaykh : Under the tree. So, all six directions are adverbs of place. And measures, what are measures? Measures of distance, such as: the mile, the farsakh, and the barid. The mile, the farsakh, and the barid. And in the present time: the kilometer. So these are among the measures.
The student: And the stage.
The Shaykh : And the stage as well. You say, for example: I traveled two miles. I traveled two miles, what is its grammatical analysis? I traveled: verb and subject. Two miles: an adverb of place, in the accusative case due to being an adverb, and its sign of accusative is a kasrah in place of the fathah, two miles.
The student: In place of?
The Shaykh : The nun? It is kasrah.
The questioner : The ya?
The Shaykh : The ya is in place of the fathah because it is dual, and the nun is in place of the tanween in the singular noun. Is that clear?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Okay, you say: I traveled a farsakh. I traveled, you already gave its analysis. A farsakh: an adverb, in the accusative case due to being an adverb, and its sign of accusative is a visible fathah at its end. And it may come, no, not this, he says: and measures "and what is formed from a verb" "and what is formed from a verb" meaning: an adverb of place that is formed from a verb "like marama from rama" "marama from rama" This is called an adverb of place, and it can also be an adverb of time. I threw to Zayd's marama. I threw to Zayd's marama, like: I sat in Zayd's place, exactly like it. I threw to Zayd's marama. You say: I threw: verb and subject. And marama: an adverb of place, in the accusative case due to being an adverb, and its sign of accusative is a fathah estimated on its end, prevented from appearing by what?
The student: The occupation of the place.
The Shaykh : The occupation of the place by the movement of the extra preposition.
The student: The impossibility.
The Shaykh : The impossibility? Marama, yes, the impossibility, because we do not have an extra preposition or anything. Rather, the fathah is estimated on it, and what prevents its appearance is the impossibility. Why the impossibility? Because it is absolutely impossible to pronounce a fathah on an alif. Okay, do we say a dammah is estimated on its end, prevented from appearing?
The student: Heaviness.
The Shaykh : The heaviness. And why did we not say the heaviness?
The student: The dammah can appear.
The Shaykh : It can, but it is heavy. You can say:[Ghafir 40:20] In other than the Qur'an, Allah commands, calls, prevented from appearing?
The student: The impossibility.
The Shaykh : The heaviness, the heaviness, because the waw can have the movement appear on it, but with heaviness. So you say: calls, with a heavy dammah. Therefore, the fathah, since it is light, appears on the waw and appears on the ya. So the important point is that marama from I threw to Zayd's marama. I threw: verb and subject. And marama: an adverb of place, in the accusative case due to being an adverb, and its sign of accusative is a fathah estimated on the alif, prevented from appearing by the impossibility. Like marama from rama ...
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes, the fathah is light and appears.
The student: The known ones.
The Shaykh : How many directions are there?
The student: Six.
The Shaykh : Six, the directions are six: right and left, front and back, above and below. Every person is surrounded by six directions. Now, what is between the left and the right?
The student: Front or back.
The Shaykh : Front or back, correct, front or back. But Waleed says: West, right? Who said West? ...
The student: Yes, I did.
The Shaykh : You?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : That is not correct, it is North or West. Now, if I turn toward the South, which is between my right and my left, is it North of the West or the South?
The student: The South.
The Shaykh : Yes, the South. In any case, the directions are six. These are the main directions: right, left, above, below, front, and back. All of these are adverbs of place. I sat in front of you, I sat behind you, I sat to your right, I sat to your left or your left side, it makes no difference. I went up to the roof, I slept where?
The student: Under the tree.
The Shaykh : Under the tree. So, all six directions are adverbs of place. And measures, what are measures? Measures of distance, such as: the mile, the farsakh, and the barid. The mile, the farsakh, and the barid. And in the present time: the kilometer. So these are among the measures.
The student: And the stage.
The Shaykh : And the stage as well. You say, for example: I traveled two miles. I traveled two miles, what is its grammatical analysis? I traveled: verb and subject. Two miles: an adverb of place, in the accusative case due to being an adverb, and its sign of accusative is a kasrah in place of the fathah, two miles.
The student: In place of?
The Shaykh : The nun? It is kasrah.
The questioner : The ya?
The Shaykh : The ya is in place of the fathah because it is dual, and the nun is in place of the tanween in the singular noun. Is that clear?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Okay, you say: I traveled a farsakh. I traveled, you already gave its analysis. A farsakh: an adverb, in the accusative case due to being an adverb, and its sign of accusative is a visible fathah at its end. And it may come, no, not this, he says: and measures "and what is formed from a verb" "and what is formed from a verb" meaning: an adverb of place that is formed from a verb "like marama from rama" "marama from rama" This is called an adverb of place, and it can also be an adverb of time. I threw to Zayd's marama. I threw to Zayd's marama, like: I sat in Zayd's place, exactly like it. I threw to Zayd's marama. You say: I threw: verb and subject. And marama: an adverb of place, in the accusative case due to being an adverb, and its sign of accusative is a fathah estimated on its end, prevented from appearing by what?
The student: The occupation of the place.
The Shaykh : The occupation of the place by the movement of the extra preposition.
The student: The impossibility.
The Shaykh : The impossibility? Marama, yes, the impossibility, because we do not have an extra preposition or anything. Rather, the fathah is estimated on it, and what prevents its appearance is the impossibility. Why the impossibility? Because it is absolutely impossible to pronounce a fathah on an alif. Okay, do we say a dammah is estimated on its end, prevented from appearing?
The student: Heaviness.
The Shaykh : The heaviness. And why did we not say the heaviness?
The student: The dammah can appear.
The Shaykh : It can, but it is heavy. You can say:
And Allah judges with truth
والله يقضي بالحقThe student: The impossibility.
The Shaykh : The heaviness, the heaviness, because the waw can have the movement appear on it, but with heaviness. So you say: calls, with a heavy dammah. Therefore, the fathah, since it is light, appears on the waw
We will not call upon any god other than Him
لن ندعُوَ من دونه إلهاThe student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes, the fathah is light and appears.