The Book of Jihad, Military Expeditions, and Authority-02b
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The reciter: Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna and Ibn Bashar narrated to us, and the wording is that of Ibn al-Muthanna. They said: Muhammad ibn Ja'far narrated to us, and Shu'bah narrated to us from Sammak ibn Harb from Mus'ab ibn Sa'd from his father, who said: نزلت في أربع آيات : أصبت سيفا، فأتى به النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقال : يا رسول الله، نفلنيه، فقال : ضعه ، ثم قام، فقال له النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : ضعه من حيث أخذته ، ثم قام، فقال : نفلنيه يا رسول الله، فقال : ضعه ، فقام، فقال : يا رسول الله، نفلنيه، أؤجعل كمن لا غناء له ؟ فقال له النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : ضعه من حيث أخذته، قال : فنزلت هذه الآية : يسألونك عن الأنفال قل الأنفال لله والرسول .
الشيخ : الأنفال هي ما يؤخذ من الغنائم، جعل الأنفال لله والرسول ، أي : جعل حكمها إلى الله والرسول. وكان الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم مخيراً بين أن يقسمها بين الغانمين، أو يقسمها فيما يرى، حتى أنزل رسول اله صلى الله عليه وسلم التفصيل في ذلك بقوله : واعلموا أنما غنمتم من شيء فأن لله خمسه وللرسول ولذي القربى ... .
أن من أخذ شيئاً لا يحل له أخذه من مكان أنه يجب عليه ردّه إلى ذلك المكان، لقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : ضعه من حيث أخذته ، ولا يكفي أن يعطيه ولي الأمر، أو يعطيه صاحبه مثلاً، بل مؤونة رده إلى مكانه عليه.
وفيه أيضا دليل على جواز مراجعة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في الأمور التي يحتاجها الإنسان، لأن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كرر عليه قوله : ضعه ، وهذا من جنس مراجعة الصحابة للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في حجة الوداع لما أمر من لم يسق الهدي أن يجعلها عمرة ، راجعوه حتى قالوا : يا رسول الله قد سمّينا الحج كيف نجعله عمرة ؟، حتى قال بعضهم : يا رسول الله أنخرج إلى منى وذكر أحدنا يقطر منيًّا ، يعني : نجامع نساءنا بين العمرة والحج ونخرج هكذا. إلى هذا الحد من شدّة مراجعتهم، فلا حرج على الإنسان أن يراجع في أمر له فيه حاجة. It was revealed regarding four verses: I obtained a sword, so I brought it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said, "O Messenger of Allah, grant it to me as a gift." He said, "Put it down." Then I stood up, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me, "Put it back where you took it from." Then I stood up and said, "Grant it to me, O Messenger of Allah." He said, "Put it down." I stood up and said, "O Messenger of Allah, grant it to me. Am I to be like one who has no benefit?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me, "Put it back where you took it from." He said: So this verse was revealed: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger." The Shaykh: The anfal are what is taken from the war spoils. The anfal were made to belong to Allah and the Messenger, meaning that their ruling was entrusted to Allah and the Messenger. The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) was given the choice between distributing them among the warriors or distributing them as he saw fit, until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) revealed the details regarding this in His saying: "And know that whatever you gain as spoils, then a fifth of it belongs to Allah and the Messenger and to the close relatives..." It indicates that if a person takes something that is not permissible for him to take from a place, it is obligatory for him to return it to that place, based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Put it back where you took it from." It is not sufficient for him to give it to the one in authority or to give its equivalent to its owner; rather, the cost of returning it to its place is upon him. It also contains evidence for the permissibility of asking the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to reconsider matters that a person needs, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) repeated his saying to him: "Put it down." This is of the same kind as the Companions asking the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to reconsider during the Farewell Pilgrimage when he ordered those who had not brought sacrificial animals to make it an 'Umrah. They asked him to reconsider until they said, "O Messenger of Allah, we have already designated it as Hajj, how can we make it an 'Umrah?" Until some of them said, "O Messenger of Allah, we will go out to Mina and one of us will be dripping with semen," meaning: we will have intercourse with our wives between the 'Umrah and the Hajj and go out like that. To this extent was the intensity of their asking for reconsideration. So there is no blame on a person for asking for reconsideration in a matter in which he has a need.
الشيخ : الأنفال هي ما يؤخذ من الغنائم، جعل الأنفال لله والرسول ، أي : جعل حكمها إلى الله والرسول. وكان الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم مخيراً بين أن يقسمها بين الغانمين، أو يقسمها فيما يرى، حتى أنزل رسول اله صلى الله عليه وسلم التفصيل في ذلك بقوله : واعلموا أنما غنمتم من شيء فأن لله خمسه وللرسول ولذي القربى ... .
أن من أخذ شيئاً لا يحل له أخذه من مكان أنه يجب عليه ردّه إلى ذلك المكان، لقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : ضعه من حيث أخذته ، ولا يكفي أن يعطيه ولي الأمر، أو يعطيه صاحبه مثلاً، بل مؤونة رده إلى مكانه عليه.
وفيه أيضا دليل على جواز مراجعة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في الأمور التي يحتاجها الإنسان، لأن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كرر عليه قوله : ضعه ، وهذا من جنس مراجعة الصحابة للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في حجة الوداع لما أمر من لم يسق الهدي أن يجعلها عمرة ، راجعوه حتى قالوا : يا رسول الله قد سمّينا الحج كيف نجعله عمرة ؟، حتى قال بعضهم : يا رسول الله أنخرج إلى منى وذكر أحدنا يقطر منيًّا ، يعني : نجامع نساءنا بين العمرة والحج ونخرج هكذا. إلى هذا الحد من شدّة مراجعتهم، فلا حرج على الإنسان أن يراجع في أمر له فيه حاجة. It was revealed regarding four verses: I obtained a sword, so I brought it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said, "O Messenger of Allah, grant it to me as a gift." He said, "Put it down." Then I stood up, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me, "Put it back where you took it from." Then I stood up and said, "Grant it to me, O Messenger of Allah." He said, "Put it down." I stood up and said, "O Messenger of Allah, grant it to me. Am I to be like one who has no benefit?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me, "Put it back where you took it from." He said: So this verse was revealed: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger." The Shaykh: The anfal are what is taken from the war spoils. The anfal were made to belong to Allah and the Messenger, meaning that their ruling was entrusted to Allah and the Messenger. The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) was given the choice between distributing them among the warriors or distributing them as he saw fit, until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) revealed the details regarding this in His saying: "And know that whatever you gain as spoils, then a fifth of it belongs to Allah and the Messenger and to the close relatives..." It indicates that if a person takes something that is not permissible for him to take from a place, it is obligatory for him to return it to that place, based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Put it back where you took it from." It is not sufficient for him to give it to the one in authority or to give its equivalent to its owner; rather, the cost of returning it to its place is upon him. It also contains evidence for the permissibility of asking the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to reconsider matters that a person needs, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) repeated his saying to him: "Put it down." This is of the same kind as the Companions asking the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to reconsider during the Farewell Pilgrimage when he ordered those who had not brought sacrificial animals to make it an 'Umrah. They asked him to reconsider until they said, "O Messenger of Allah, we have already designated it as Hajj, how can we make it an 'Umrah?" Until some of them said, "O Messenger of Allah, we will go out to Mina and one of us will be dripping with semen," meaning: we will have intercourse with our wives between the 'Umrah and the Hajj and go out like that. To this extent was the intensity of their asking for reconsideration. So there is no blame on a person for asking for reconsideration in a matter in which he has a need.